Sleep Stages

Question 1

Awake (eyes open)

• description
• EEG waveform

Answer 1

alert, active mental concentration

beta
-highest frequency, lowest amplitude

Question 2

Awake (eyes closed)

Answer 2

alpha

Question 3

Stage N1 (5%)

Answer 3

light sleep

theta

Question 4

Stage N2 (45%)

Answer 4

deeper sleep; bruxism

sleep spindles and k complexes

Question 5

stage N3 (25%)

Answer 5

deepest, non-REM sleep (slow-wave sleep); sleepwalking, night terrors, bedwetting

delta
(lowest frequency, highest amplitude)

Question 6

REM (25%)

Answer 6

dreaming, loss of motor tone, possibly a memory processing function, erections, increase brain O2 use

beta

Question 7

serotonin predominance of ____ is key to initiating sleep

Answer 7

raphe nucleus

Question 8

Sleep enuresis is treated with ________

Answer 8

oral desmopressin acetate (DDVAP)

Question 9

reduced REM and delta sleep occurs via ____, _____, ____

Answer 9

alcohol
benzodiazepines
barbiturates

Question 10

tx: for night terrors and sleep walking

Answer 10

benzodiazepines

Question 11

Neurotransmitter that reduces REM sleep

Answer 11

NE

Question 12

neurotransmitter that is principal in REM sleep

Answer 12

ACh

Question 13

REM sleep EOM due to

Answer 13

paramedian pontine reticular formation/ conjugate gaze center

Question 14

regulator of circadian rhythm

Answer 14

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
-controls ACTH, prolactin, melatonin, nocturnal NE release

SCN –> NE release –> pineal gland –> melatonin

Question 15

night terrors occur during _____

nightmares occur during ______

Answer 15

night terrors: slow-wave sleep (N3)… non-REM

nightmares: REM sleep