1
Q
Define Sleep
A
- Reversible Behavioral state of Perceptual disengagement and unresponsiveness to the enviroment
2
Q
Normal Sleep: Affect on Body functions
A
- Drecreases:
Body temp
BP
Breathing rate - Brain=same activity when awake
3
Q
What are the Functions of Sleep
A
- Fatigue reversal
- Biochemical refreshment
- Immune function
- Memory
- PSych well being
4
Q
What are the stages of the sleep cycle?
A
- NREM (non Rapid Eye Movement)
Stage1-3 - REM (Rapid eye movement)
5
Q
NREM Stage 1
A
- Brief transitional stage
- Brief time b/w awake and sleep (5-10 mins )
- Easily aroused from sleep
- High amplitude theta waves=very slow brain waves
- Muscle twitching
6
Q
NREM Stage 2
A
- Less aware of surroundings
- 50% of sleep
- Body temp and Heart Rate Decrease
- sleep spindles (Rapid rhythmic)
- K Complex
7
Q
NREM Stage 3
A
- Aka Delta Sleep
- Delta Waves
- Muscles Relax
- BP and Breathing rate drop
- Deepest Sleep
8
Q
REM Sleep
A
- 20% of sleep
- eye moevment
- increased
respiration rate
increased brain activity - Dreams
9
Q
REM vs nREM sleep
A
- nREM: Physical Restoration
Synchornous brain waves
Mental inactivity
Physiological stability
Muscular activity - REM: Psychic restoration
Asynchronous Brain waves
Active brain
Physiological instability
Muscular inactivity
10
Q
Fragmented Sleep Symptoms
A
- Altered Mood
- Decreased alertness
- Poor concentration
- Body pain
- Depression
- Increased risk of
car accidents
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
obesity
cancer
11
Q
Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD): General
A
- Spectrum of clinical entities
- Variations in:
Sleep structure
respiration
Blood O2 saturatoin
12
Q
Sleep-related breathing disorders: Types
A
- Intermittent Snoring
- Chronic Snoring
- UARS
- Mild OSA
- Moderate OSA
- Severe OSA
13
Q
Snoring
A
Intermittent or Chronic
* Benign
* upper airway soft tissue vibrations during inspiration
* No Abnormal ventilation
disrupted sleep
complains of daytime sleepiness
* Common in both genders & all age groups
* Most don’t have OSA
* Increases during pregnancy
14
Q
UARs
A
- Increase in ventilatory efforts, but not OSA
- No apnea
- complaints of:
excessive daytime sleepiness
fatigue
insomnia
depression - Sleep fragmentation w/o waking
15
Q
OSA
A
- Increased resistance to airflow-> Stop breathing even when trying to breathe
- results in:
Partial Obstruction(hypopnea)
Complete Obstruction(apnea) - Arouses CNS -> lighter stage of sleep (nREM stage 1 or 2)
causes: partial awake, obstruction relief, resume breathing - Fragmented Sleep: depending on frequency
16
Q
Apnea
A
- Cessation or near-complete cessation (> 70%) of oronasal airflow
- at least 10 seconds
17
Q
Hypopnea
A
- 30% drop in oronasal airflow from baseline
4% decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation - 50% drop in oronasal airflow from baseline
3% decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation
