Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Pain Final > OSA > Flashcards

OSA Flashcards

1
Q

OSA: General

A
  • Increased resistance to airflow; No breathing when trying to breathe
  • Results in hypopnea or Apnea
    – Degree and duration->Hypoxia, anoxia, hypercarbia
  • Arouses CNS-> Lighter Sleep Stage (nREM 1 or 2)
  • causes: partial awake, Relieve obstruction, resume breathing
  • Fragmented Sleep: Depending on arousal frequency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Apnea

A
  • Complete Obstruction
  • cesstion or near-complete cessation (>70%) of oronasal airflow
  • at least 10 seconds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypopnea

A
  • Partial Obstruction
  • 30% decrease oronasal airflow= 4% decrease Oxyhemoglobin saturation
  • 50% decrease oronasal airflow= 3% decrease oxyhemoglobin saturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Apnea Pattern

A
  • Obstructed Sleep Apnea
  • Central Sleep Apnea
  • Mixed Sleep Apnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obstructed Sleep Apnea

A
  • Absence of airflow w/persistent ventilatory efforts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A
  • Absence of airflow w/no ventilatory efforts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mixed Sleep Apnea

A
  • Both Central and Obstructive events
  • Central then Obstructive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etiology of OSA

A
  • Structural risk factors
  • Non-structural risk factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OSA: Structural Risk Factors

A

Nasal Cavity/Nasopharynx
1. Septal Deviation
2. Turbinate Hypertrophy
3. Nasal Polyps
4. Adenoid Hypertrophy

Oral Cavity/ Oropharynx
1. Soft palate and Uvula elongation
2. Tonsillar Hypertrophy
3. Macroglossia
4. Retrognathia
5. Rugae of posterior pharyngeal wall

Hypopharynx/Larynx
1. Omega Shaped Epiglottis
2. Laryngeal-tracheal stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

OSA: Non-structural Risk Factors

A
  • Obesity
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Post-menopause
  • Family Hx
  • Genetics
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OSA: Obesity

A
  • Major risk factor
  • Increased adipocity around pharynx and body
  • Potential Candidates: Sleep in supine position w/:
    increased neck circumferance (collar size >16-17) or
    High BMI(>25)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

OSA: Age

A
  • Increased fat in parapharyngeal area
  • Structural change around pharynx
  • Soft palate lengthens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

OSA: Sex

A
  • Men have increased fat around pharyngeal airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

OSA: Post-menopause

A
  • Post menopause=higher prevalence
  • Post-menopause w/hormone replacement therapy= same as Pre-menopause
  • Pre-menopause=Protected even with other risk factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OSA: Family Hx & Genetics

A

*Familial suceptibilty increases directly with number of affected relatives
* 1st degree relatives: 1.5-2x
* APOE= younger w/OSA
* Carniofacial Disorders: Pierre-Robine Syndrome
have micrognathia, glossoptossis, cleft palate, tonge prolapse backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OSA: Alcohol

A
  • Relaxes upper airway dilator muscles
  • increases upper airway resistance
  • Prolong apnea duration
  • suppress arousals
  • increased obstructive episodes frequency
  • Increased hypoxia severity
17
Q

OSA: Smoking

A
  • Inflammation and damage to upper airway
  • structural and functional changes
  • increased risk of collapse during sleep
  • greater risk of moderate to severe OSA vs non-smokers
18
Q

Diseases associated with OSA

A
  • Hypertension (35%)
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Pacemakers
  • Diabetes
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Obesity
  • Drug resistant hypertension
  • Night Time Heart Attacks (91%)
19
Q

OSA: Nighttime Symptoms

A
  • Loud persistent snoring
  • witnessed pauses in breathing (apneas)
  • Choking or gasping for air
  • restless sleep
  • frequent bathroom visits
20
Q

OSA: Daytime Symptoms

A
  • Early Morning Headaches
  • EDS (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness)
  • Poor Concentration
  • Irritabilty
  • Falling asleep during routine activities
21
Q

How are women who have OSA different from men

A

More likely to have:
* insomnia
* depression
* thyroid disease
* nightmares
* palpitations
* hallucinations
* Restless leg syndrome

Less likely to have:
* Snoring
* witnessed apneas

22
Q

OSA: Car crashes

A
  • Untreated=higher collision rate
    AHI> 15= 8.1x risk of MVA
    AHI>34= 15x risk of MVA
  • Treated w/CPAP=same as control
23
Q

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)

A
  • Most common symptom
  • Reduces quality of life
  • impaired daytime performance
  • neurocognitive deficits (Memory)
  • Feel sleepy during activities that require being alert (driving)
  • Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)= subjective assessment
  • Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)=objectively measures
24
Q

Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Interpretation

A
  • 0-7=abnormal sleepiness unlikely
  • 8-9= avg daytime sleepiness
  • 10-15: might be excessively sleepy depeing on situation. Might Seek medical attention
  • 16-24: Excessively sleepy. Should seek medical attention
25
Q

What are methods to dx OSA?

A
  • Polysomnography (PSG)
26
Q

Polysomnography (PSG)

A

Overnight sleep study
Monitor and Record Multiple physiologic parameters:
* EEG-brain waves
* EOG-eye movements
* EMG-jaw musce actiivty and leg movements
* ECG-heart rate and rhythm
* Pulse Ox-blood oxygen saturation
* Nasal Thermistor-nasal airflow and CO2 levels
* Chest and Abdominal Strain gauses-breathing efforts

27
Q

Classifcation of OSA

A

Oral Pain Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions