Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders Flashcards
What are the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS)
- recurrent upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep
- heavy snoring
- unrefreshing sleep
- daytime somnolence
- poor daytime concentration
What is an apnoea
a period of 10 seconds in which respiratory movements are present but there is no air movement in or out of the lungs
What do the apnoeas in sleep cause
frequent microarousals
What is a microaraousal
change from deep sleep to light sleep
What happens to oxygen saturation during repeated closure of the upper airways
it decreases - oxygen desaturation
How is OSAS diagnosed
- clinical history
- Epworth questionnaire
- overnight sleep study
What makes up an Epworth questionnaire
questions on the likelihood of the patient falling asleep in different circumstances during the day
What makes up overnight sleep studies
- pulse oximetry
- limited sleep study
- full polysomnography
What is pulse oximetry
measurement of the oxygen saturation and pulse rate during sleep
What is a typical pulse oximetry reading in OSAS
- decreased oxygen saturation
- increased pulse rate
during apnoea
What is a unique feature of a full polysomnography
ECG measurement
How is the severity of OSAS measured
AHI - apnoea/hypopnoea index
How is OSAS treated
- reduction of exacerbating factors e.g obesity/oxygen/endocrine disorders
- CPAP
- mandibular repositioning splint
- no driving/DVLA
What are the main symptoms of narcolepsy
- cataplexy
- excessive daytime somnolence
- hallucinations just before/after sleep
- sleep paralysis
How is narcolepsy treated
- modafinil
- clomipramine (for cataplexy)
- sodium oxybate
