Clinical Features and Management of Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
1
Q
How is restriction defined in spirometry
A
Forced vital capacity is less than 80% of predicted
2
Q
What conditions of the lung can cause restriction
A
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- sarcoidosis
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
3
Q
What conditions of the pleura can cause restriction
A
- pleural effusion
- pneumothorax
- pleural thickening
4
Q
What conditions of the skeleton can cause restriction
A
- kyphoscolosis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- thoracoplasty
- rib fractures
5
Q
What conditions of the muscles and nerves can cause restriction
A
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
6
Q
What conditions affecting the diaphragm can cause restriction
A
- obesity
- pregnancy
7
Q
What are the main clinical signs/symptoms associated with sarcoidosis
A
- erythema nodosum
- anterior/posterior uveitis
- lupus pernio
- scar tissue inflammation
8
Q
How is sarcoidosis staged
A
looking at;
- hilar lymphadenopathy
- granulomas in lungs
- progression of lung destruction
9
Q
What tests can be preformed to aid diagnosis of sarcoidosis
A
- pulmonary function
- bloods
- urinalysis
- ECG
- eye exam
- bronchoscopy
- EBUS
- bronchoalveolar lavage
- mediastinoscopy
- thoracoscopic lung biopsy
10
Q
How is sarcoidosis treated
A
- mild = no treatment
- erythema and joint pain = NSAIDs
- skin lesions/cough/uveitis = topical steroids
- hypercalcaemia/cardiac symptoms = systemic steroids
11
Q
How does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis typically present
A
- chronic breathlessness and cough
- clubbing
- crackles at the end of inspiration
12
Q
How can idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis be treated/managed
A
- oral anti-fibrotics
- palliative care
- lung transplant
