Sleep Medicine Flashcards
How much time do we spend sleeping?
a third of our lives!
What percentage of the population report sleeping difficulties?
47%
35% occasional and 12% regular
True or false; animals will die faster of sleep deprivation than food deprivation
true
What percentage of hospital patients with behavioral problems suffer from sleep disturbances?
80%!
What are the two main part sof sleep?
REM sleep
Non-REM sleep
What is REM sleep for in general?
restoring the brain
What if non-REM sleep for in general?
restoring bones and muscles
what are the stages of non-REM stages?
stage 1
stage 2
slow wave stage (the new 3 and 4)
Describe stage 1
it’s the transition form wakefulness to sleep
also called twilight sleep
people will say they were awake
Describe stage 2
bridge from stage 1 to slow wave
EEG tracings of sleep spindles with K complexes in response to arousal
Describe what happens in slow wave sleep?
- restorative to bone san dmuscles
- consistent breathing pattern
- stable blood pressure - about 10% lower than during the day (dipping)
- most difficult to awaken from
- parasomnias occur
What are parasomnias
bedwetting
sleep walking
sleep talking
WHat happens to BP and breathing during REM?
they fluctuate highly
What else happens in REM?
dreaming and erection
True or flase: REM is the hardest state to awaken from.
false - it’s actually the easiest to awaken from
What is the clinical issue between sleep and impotence?
if they can’t get into REM, so they don’t get that erection and don’t get that restorative help
How long do sleep cycles typically last
about every 90 minutes
How do the stages differ based on the times of the night?
more slow wave early in the night
more REM at the end of th enight
Although REM is easy to wave someone up out of, when do most awakenings occur?
during lighter stages
What’s the average sleep an adult needs?
7.5 hours to FUNCTION, but we’re all different
and wouldn’t you want to feel great and not just good?
What amount of sleep do kids typically need?
minimum of 9, but 10-11 is better
What stage of sleep do kids have more of?
slow wave sleep
because they’re growing!!!
Why do circadian shifts occur in adolescence?
it’s a hormonal thing that happens during puberty - they won’t be able to fall asleep until midnight, but they still need the 9-10 hours of sleep
it’s society that makes that bad
What happens to sleep in the elderly?
need about 8 hours
they have decreased slow wave sleep
have more fragmented sleep and wake up ealier feeling fine, but they typically star to need naps in the afternoon
True or false: napping is bad for your sleep architecture overall.
false - if you can’t get a full 8 hours in the night but you can nap, nap.
Which directly effects the other - exercise or sleep?
sleep has a a direct effect on exercise
exercise can improve sleep, but it may take a while
Will alcohol help you sleep?
it will help you fall asleep quicker, but it causes more awakenings during the night, so harms sleep overall
can also increase snoring and sleep apnea because it relaxes the airway
