Sleep Disorders (Part 1)

Question 1

What is sleep?

Answer 1

A normal, recurring reversible state in which there is a loss of ability to respond to the external environment

Question 2

When sleeping, why are we not conscious?

Answer 2

We are not fully aware of self and the environment

Question 3

When sleeping, why are we not unconscious?

Answer 3

We can respond when stimulated

Question 4

When does a) non-REM and b) REM sleep occur?

Answer 4

a) at the start of the night b) at the end of the night

Question 5

What will an EEG show in a) non-REM and b) REM sleep?

Answer 5

a) synchronised, rhythmic activity b) fast activity

Question 6

What happens to the muscles and cerebral blood flow in non-REM sleep?

Answer 6

Partial muscle relaxation and decreased cerebral blood flow

Question 7

What happens to the heart rate, blood pressure and tidal volume in non-REM sleep?

Answer 7

All reduced

Question 8

What does an MRI of REM sleep show?

Answer 8

Increased brain activity, similar to wakefulness

Question 9

What happens to the muscles in REM sleep? What are the exceptions to this?

Answer 9

Atonic, except the diaphragm and extra-ocular muscles

Question 10

In which sleep stage would you have a) narrative dreaming and b) some non-narrative images (emotive)?

Answer 10

a) REM sleep b) non-REM sleep

Question 11

What happens to the cerebral blood flow in REM sleep?

Answer 11

Increased

Question 12

3/4ths of all sleep in young adults is which type?

Answer 12

Non-REM

Question 13

Which type of sleep is deep sleep?

Answer 13

Non-REM

Question 14

Which stage of sleep is the essential part?

Answer 14

Non-REM

Question 15

After sleep loss, how much of that is usually regained?What type of sleep is regained?

Answer 15

1/3rd / non-REM

Question 16

What is the main purpose of REM sleep?

Answer 16

Early brain development

Question 17

What is a common drug that reduced REM sleep with no effect?

Answer 17

Tricyclics

Question 18

How many hours a day do neonates spend asleep? What proportion is non-REM/REM?

Answer 18

16 hours, 50/50 REM and non-REM

Question 19

What happens to the % of REM sleep in the first decade of life?

Answer 19

It decreases

Question 20

What are some features of sleep patterns in the elderly?

Answer 20

Increased awakenings, reduced REM latency, reduced total sleep time, daytime napping

Question 21

What factors are responsible for controlling sleep?

Answer 21

Biology and physiology (Circadian rhythm)

Question 22

Which age groups have a) an advanced sleep pattern b) a delayed sleep pattern?

Answer 22

a) Children and the elderly b) adolescents

Question 23

When are the two peaks of sleepiness?

Answer 23

Between 2-4am and 1-3pm

Question 24

What happens biologically during non-REM sleep?

Answer 24

Protein synthesis, cell division and growth

Question 25

What happens biologically during REM sleep?

Answer 25

Consolidation of memories and possible deletion of unnecessary ones, and maintains immunocompetence

Question 26

How long does a normal Circadian rhythm last?

Answer 26

25 hours

Question 27

What is the relationship between sleep and exercise?

Answer 27

There is no muscle recovery during sleep so in theory lack of sleep should not stop people from exercising. However, sleep does help with tissue repair and growth hormone release.

Question 28

The function of sleep is to allow time for what to rest?

Answer 28

Brain cortex

Question 29

The effects of lack of sleep are commonly prefrontal and may include what?

Answer 29

Irritability/suspicion, visual illusions, microsleeps and concentration lapses, impaired alertness

Question 30

Does lack of sleep effect old, well-rehearsed tasks and routine behaviours?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Why would sleep deprivation be most likely to kill you?

Answer 31

Car crash

Question 32

Most studies suggest we need how many hours of sleep per night?

Answer 32

7-8

Question 33

A mid afternoon nap of 15 minutes is the equivalent of how many night minutes?

Answer 33

90