sleep disorders Flashcards

Question

what are long term risks of SWD

Answer 1

sleep disorder, mood disorder, cancer, drug abuse

Answer 2

dont do more than 3 consec night shifts, distribute rest days, use power naps and caffiene, time meals and melatonin use, choose your own shifts and take regular shifts

Answer 3

The population mode is about 7.5 hours

Answer 4

``` depends on age new born 12-18 hrs 3 months to 1 year 14-15 1-3 12-14 hrs 3-5 11-13 5-12 10-11 12-18 9 hrs 18+ 7-9 hrs ```

Answer 5

``` You know you're getting enough sleep when for most of the day most days you have enough energy to do what you want ```

Answer 6

irritability, cognitive impairment, impaired moral judgement, hallucinations, adhd symptoms, heart rate variability, heart disease, decreased reactions, tremours aches, t2dm, impaired immune

Answer 7

Concentration - 68% - Handling stress - 65% - Listening - 57% - Relating to others - 38% - Solving problems - 57% - Decision making - 56%

Answer 8

“Drowsiness is similar to alcohol in how it compromises driving ability by reducing alertness and attentiveness, delaying reaction times, and hindering decision-making skills” 17 hours of sustained wakefulness impairs performance = 0.05% BAC (0.08% is the legal UK limit)

Answer 9

▪ These occur at the sleep/wake transition ▪ Occur on going to sleep - Hypnagogic Hallucinations ▪ Occur on waking from sleep - Hypnopompic Hallucinations Simple visual or auditory hallucinations (e.g. seeing shadows emerging from the wall, hearing one’s name being called) ▪ Can be frightening, but insight is retained, and there is no delusional expansion vs those hallucinations occurring in psychotic illnesses

Answer 10

▪ Abnormal behaviours that occur in association with sleep ▪ Occur during : ▪ NREM sleep ▪ REM sleep

Answer 11

▪ Diagnostically challenging ▪ Poor patient recall ▪ Limited history if no witness account ▪ Routine investigations are often normal

Answer 12

``` ▪ Confusional arousal ▪ Sleep Walking (somnambulism) ▪ Night terrors (pavor nocturnus) ▪ Sleep-related Eating Disorder ▪ Sexsomnia ```

Answer 13

Education. CBT-I to stabilise sleep-wake patterns ▪ Scheduled awakening: 30min alarm method for children ▪ Keep the room safe; be aware of new environments ▪ Only wake fully if the episode lasts >45 mins ▪ Pregablin, Clonazepam

Answer 14

▪ Family History ▪ Exacerbated by sleep deprivation, stress, alcohol, OSA, fever ▪ Patient is often amnesic for the event, but may have partial recollection ▪ Partner may describe tearfulness or confusion

Answer 15

Reassurance (benign) ▪ Education – CBT-I to improve sleep pattern ▪ Avoid triggers ▪ Safety ▪ Antidepressants (e.g. Fluoxetine, Trazadone) ▪ Clonazepam ▪ Melatonin

Answer 16

``` second half of night nightmares reccurent sleep paraylysis nocturnal groaning catathrenia rem sleep behaviour disorder ```

Answer 17

``` Often correlate with recalled vivid dreams – usually aggressive ▪ May injure bed partner second half of night normally aged 50 onwards ``` normally males

Answer 18

RBD is the most robust non-motor predictor of developing Parkinson’s Disease, and it is a predictor of early cognitive impairment

Answer 19

Clinical history may be highly suggestive but a v-PSG would confirm the diagnosis (catching an episode or REM without atonia)

Answer 20

patienbt education, stop medications that may be causing it, separate beds, clonazepam, melatonin