Restrictive Lung disease Flashcards
what are the two main characteristics with restrictive lung disease
Reduced lung compliance
• Reduced lung volume
Name the intrinsic mechanisms of normal breathing
trans pulmonary pressure increase and lungs expand
what are the four main classifications of interstitial lung disease
granulomatous, idiopathic interstial pnemonias, miscellaneous ILD, ILD of known association
what is IPF
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,
fibroblasts secrete collagen stiffens tissue reducing lung expansion compliance. progressive disease
how does Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) fare in comparison to the other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Much better prognosis
• Majority alive at 5 years
name two granulomatous ild
sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis
what is sarcoidosis
Multisystem granulomatous disease
• Pulmonary most commonly affected organ (>90%)
• Range of pulmonary involvement:
• Can result in lung fibrosis
what is Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
hypersensitive response to exposure to allergens such as bacteria fungi, bird and animal proteins not limited to
name some enviromental exposure that can cause ILD of known association
Coal workers pneumoconiosis
• Silicosis
• Berylliosis
• Asbestosis
what can can cause extrinsic restriction of the lung
Pleural diseases • Pleural effusion • Pneumothorax • Haemothorax • Empyema • Malignancy obesity deformity
name symptoms and signs of ILD
breathlessness is the main one, tachypnoea, cyanosis, accessory muscle usage, chest or spine deformity, altered percussion note, crackles, wheeze, reduced absent breath sounds
what investigations do you want to do when concerned about restrictive lung disease or breathlessness
chest xray, Spirometry, thoraic ultrasound, CT, blood tests, aterial blood gas, lung or pleural biospy, neurological tests, diagnostic thoracocentesis
what are the management options for restrictive disease
depends on severity, symptoms and cause. Conservative • Pharmacological • Oxygen • Surgery • Ventilatory support
