sleep disorders

Question 1

what is the suprachasmatic nucleus

Answer 1

biological clock, coordinates cincadian rhythms

Question 2

if awoken in this sleep stage you feel like you haven’t slept

Answer 2

stage 1. 50% reductions in EEG, 5-10 min

Question 3

this stage is the light sleep stage

Answer 3

stage 2, sleep spindles(EEG, periods of activity then nothing), body temp and heart rate drop,

Question 4

if you wake up in this stage you feel less rested and this is also the stage where you have night terrors or sleep walk

Answer 4

stage 3, delta waves

Question 5

this is the stage where dreams occur

Answer 5

REM, EEG looks like awake. EMG is flat

Question 6

when does the body restore

Answer 6

stage 3, high synchronicity

Question 7

when does the brain restore

Answer 7

REM, low synchronicity

Question 8

what is melatonin made from

Answer 8

tryptophan

Question 9

what stimulates and inhibits melatonin

Answer 9

light inhibits, dark stimulates

Question 10

what kind of receptors does melatonin use

Answer 10

GPCR

Question 11

what neurotransmitter increases as ATP is used

Answer 11

Adenosine, inhibitory, accumulates during the day, used up at night, helps regulate GABA

Question 12

people with insomnia spend most their sleep in which stage

Answer 12

stage 2, light sleep

Question 13

older people spend less time in which stages

Answer 13

REM and stage 3

Question 14

mechanisms of RLS

Answer 14

Genetic, iron (part of DA sythesis) difficiency, low ferretin lvls

Question 15

mech. of narcolepsy

Answer 15

deccresed hypocritens, go straight to REM

Question 16

Sleep apnea mech

Answer 16

happens mostley in REM when muscles collapse

Question 17

what is persistent insomnia

Answer 17

longer than 3 months

Question 18

mechanism of CSA

Answer 18

absence of air in mouth and nose with out activation of inspiratory muscles

Question 19

what is stimulus control therapy

Answer 19

make a positive connection between bed and sleep, avoid naps, get out of bed if can’t sleep after 20 minutes

Question 20

what is biofeedback therapy

Answer 20

reduce somatic arousal

Question 21

sleep hygiene

Answer 21

not useful alone, avoid stimulants, avoid exercises an night, don’t watch the clock

Question 22

what are zolpidem and eszopiclone metablosized by

Answer 22

3A4 and phase 2

Question 23

zalepon is metabolized by what

Answer 23

aldhyde oxidase

Question 24

tasimelteon is indicated for…

Answer 24

non 24 hour

Question 25

Ramelteon does what

Answer 25

increases sleep latency

Question 26

how are tasimelteon and ramelteon metabolized

Answer 26

cyp go through first pass

Question 27

has does modifinal work

Answer 27

not known but possibly by promoting release of monoamines

Question 28

how are modifinal and armadofinal metabolized

Answer 28

CYP

Question 29

how does valerian extract work

Answer 29

like GABAnergic

Question 30

treatment for insomnia

Answer 30

non benzo’s first, melatonin agonist second, antidepressent next, then last line combined drugs

Question 31

treatment for OSA

Answer 31

CPAP is first line, second line modifnial during the day

Question 32

treatment for nacrolepsy without paralysis

Answer 32

first line is modifinal, second line segelin or sodium oxybate

Question 33

treatment of narcoplespy with paralysis and other symptoms

Answer 33

first line is venlafaxine, sodium oxybate or fluoxetine, second line is TCA or MAOI

Question 34

treatment for jet lag

Answer 34

short acting benzo, remalotin, meltonin

Question 35

treatment for shift work disorder

Answer 35

therapy, modifinal, benzo

Question 36

whats a good med for elderly

Answer 36

mirtazapine

Question 37

treatment for RLS

Answer 37

iron, ropinerol, pramixaprol