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Undeleted > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Define sleep

A

An unconscious state from which the person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli

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1
Q

What successful treatment modalities exist for sleep disorders ?

A 
Pharmacotherapy 
Behavioural therapy 
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Dental appliances 
Surgical therapies
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2
Q

Define coma

A

Unconsciousness from which the person cannot be aroused

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3
Q

The neural metabolic theories of sleep pose the idea that sleep is for

A

Detoxification and regeneration

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4
Q

Cognitive theories of sleep function suggest that sleep is for

A

Learning and development

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5
Q

What stages of sleep do we go through

A 
Awake
Drowsy 
1
2
3 (slow wave)
4 (slow wave) 
rem
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6
Q

Describe the EEG pattern of stage 1 sleep

A

Low voltage , mixed frequency
May be theta rhythm
Vertex sharp waves

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7
Q

Describe the EEG wave patterns of phase two sleep

A

Low voltage, mixed frequency
Sleep spindles
K complexes

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8
Q

Describe the EEG rhythms of stage 3 sleep

A

Delta rhythm
High amplitude waves
Low frequency
Prominent in frontal regions

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9
Q

Describe stage 4 sleep EEG pattern

A

Delta rhythm

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10
Q

What are the two stages of REM sleep

A

Tonic (desynchronised EEG and muscle Antonia)

Phasic (rapid eye movements- fast saccadic, myoclonus, dreaming)

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11
Q

Sleep regulation mechanisms control

A

Sleepiness and wakefulness

Initiating & maintaining sleep

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12
Q

What part of the brain produces melatonin

A

Pineal gland

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13
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is involved in circadian rhythm ?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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14
Q

Describe the epworth sleepiness scale

A

Various situations and scores for likeliness of falling asleep
ESS 18 severe

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15
Q

Name two other subjective sleep questionnaires

A

Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS)

Restless leg syndrome rating scale

16
Q

What can be used to measure sleep activity in outpatients

A

Pulse oximetry
Ambulatory EEG
limited outpatient respiratory monitoring
Actigraphy

17
Q

What inpatient sleep tests can be conducted

A

Polysomnography

  • video EEG
  • respiratory monitoring
  • movement detection( EMG, Actigraphy )
18
Q

What is a mean sleep latency test

A

Measure of time to fall asleep (EEG) on four separate occasions
8 mins

19
Q

What is a maintenance of wakefulness test

A

Measure of ability to stay awake during 4 planned naps (EEG)

20
Q

Psychomotor vigilance test

A

Measure of reaction time taken to press a button in response to a stimulus

21
Q

What are the 5 main type of sleep disorders

A 
Insomnia 
Hypersomnia 
Circadian rhythm disorders 
Parasomnias 
Movement disorders of sleep
22
Q

What is the overall prevalence of insomnia

A

30-48%overall

6% diagnosis

23
Q

What is insomnia

A

Inability to achieve and maintain sleep
Poor quality sleep
>1 month
Associated with fatigue , poor memory and concentration

24
Q

Chronic insomnia is associated with what

A

Psychiatric disorders, alcohol drugs abuse, physical illness

25
Q

What is the treatment for insomnia

A

Good sleep hygiene
Short term prescription (4 weeks) hypnotic sedatives (ziplodem, temazepam )
CBT

26
Q

What is the prevalence of sleep apnoea

A

Children 2-3%
Middle Ages 5-7
Older adults >15

27
Q

What are the clinical features of narcolepsy

A 
Nocturnal sleep quality is poor 
Hypnagogic hallucinations 
Hypnopompic hallucinations (on waking up) 
Sleep paralysis 
Can occur with cataplexy
28
Q

What is cataplexy

A

Sudden drop in muscle tone triggered by emotions
Worsens with poor sleep and fatigue
Consciousness is retained

29
Q

What are the diagnosis criteria for narcolepsy

A

At least two
: ESS> 11
Cataplexy
HLA gene

Night time sleep latency <8 mins

30
Q

Narcolepsy is an intrusion of ….

A

REM Sleep In to wakefulness

31
Q

What is the treatment for narcolepsy

A

Planned naps

Stimulants
Modafinil
Methylphenidate
Amphetamines

32
Q

What drugs can be used to treat cataplexy

A

SSRIS : fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and other antidepressants

33
Q

Parasomnias can be either

A

Non REM
or
REM

34
Q

Name four movement disorders of sleep

A

Restless leg syndrome
Periodic limb movements of sleep
Propriospinal myoclonus
Rhythmic movement disorder of sleep

35
Q

What is restless leg syndrome

A

Sensorimotor disorder of extremities
Irresistible urge to move legs
Relieved by movement of legs
Worse towards evening

36
Q

What are the type types of restless leg syndrome

A

Primary
Ie genetics
Secondary
Ie iron deficiency , renal failure, drugs (TCAs and antipsychotics)

37
Q

What treatments are available for restless leg syndrome

A 
Iron
Domaine agonists
l dopa 
Clonazepam 
Pregabelin
Gabepentin
Opiates

Undeleted (12 decks)

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