Sleep Disorders Flashcards
Define sleep
An unconscious state from which the person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli
What successful treatment modalities exist for sleep disorders ?
Pharmacotherapy Behavioural therapy Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Dental appliances Surgical therapies
Define coma
Unconsciousness from which the person cannot be aroused
The neural metabolic theories of sleep pose the idea that sleep is for
Detoxification and regeneration
Cognitive theories of sleep function suggest that sleep is for
Learning and development
What stages of sleep do we go through
Awake Drowsy 1 2 3 (slow wave) 4 (slow wave) rem
Describe the EEG pattern of stage 1 sleep
Low voltage , mixed frequency
May be theta rhythm
Vertex sharp waves
Describe the EEG wave patterns of phase two sleep
Low voltage, mixed frequency
Sleep spindles
K complexes
Describe the EEG rhythms of stage 3 sleep
Delta rhythm
High amplitude waves
Low frequency
Prominent in frontal regions
Describe stage 4 sleep EEG pattern
Delta rhythm
What are the two stages of REM sleep
Tonic (desynchronised EEG and muscle Antonia)
Phasic (rapid eye movements- fast saccadic, myoclonus, dreaming)
Sleep regulation mechanisms control
Sleepiness and wakefulness
Initiating & maintaining sleep
What part of the brain produces melatonin
Pineal gland
What part of the hypothalamus is involved in circadian rhythm ?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Describe the epworth sleepiness scale
Various situations and scores for likeliness of falling asleep
ESS 18 severe
Name two other subjective sleep questionnaires
Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS)
Restless leg syndrome rating scale
What can be used to measure sleep activity in outpatients
Pulse oximetry
Ambulatory EEG
limited outpatient respiratory monitoring
Actigraphy
What inpatient sleep tests can be conducted
Polysomnography
- video EEG
- respiratory monitoring
- movement detection( EMG, Actigraphy )
What is a mean sleep latency test
Measure of time to fall asleep (EEG) on four separate occasions
8 mins
What is a maintenance of wakefulness test
Measure of ability to stay awake during 4 planned naps (EEG)
Psychomotor vigilance test
Measure of reaction time taken to press a button in response to a stimulus
What are the 5 main type of sleep disorders
Insomnia Hypersomnia Circadian rhythm disorders Parasomnias Movement disorders of sleep
What is the overall prevalence of insomnia
30-48%overall
6% diagnosis
What is insomnia
Inability to achieve and maintain sleep
Poor quality sleep
>1 month
Associated with fatigue , poor memory and concentration
