Sleep and Rest ( Test 2 ) Flashcards
What is Rest?
A condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.
What is Sleep?
A state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity.
What is Wakefulness?
A time of mental activity and energy expenditure.
What are the benefits of Sleep?
Improves cognitive function and recall, mood and energy levels, strengthens the immune system, decreases risk of cardiovascular disease, aids in weight loss or maintenance, and reduces the risk of accidents.
What is the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?
A system in the upper brain stem that maintains alertness and wakefulness.
What is the Bulbar Synchronizing Region (BSR)?
Located in the pons and medulla, it releases serotonin which causes sleep.
What is the Hypothalamus’s role in sleep?
It acts as the control center for sleeping and waking.
What are Circadian Rhythms?
Predictable fluctuations in processes that occur in repeated cycles of time, completing a full cycle every 24 hours.
What are the stages of Sleep?
NREM Stage I, NREM Stage II, NREM Stage III, and REM.
What characterizes NREM Sleep Stage III?
Depth of sleep increases, arousal becomes increasingly difficult, and it is associated with slow wave sleep or ‘Delta sleep’.
What happens during REM Sleep?
Eyes dart back and forth quickly, vivid dreams occur, and it is very difficult to arouse the sleeper.
What is NREM Sleep Stage I?
A transition stage between wakefulness and sleep, normally lasting only minutes.
What is NREM Sleep Stage II?
A deeper sleep lasting about 25 minutes, with increased relaxation and decreased heart rate and body temperature.
What factors affect sleep?
Developmental considerations, motivation, culture, lifestyle and habits, environmental factors, psychological stress, illness, and medications.
What are the impacts of insufficient sleep?
Impair judgment, decrease response time, trigger seizure disorders, and increase risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
What is Insomnia?
Difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or difficulty maintaining sleep despite adequate opportunity.
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
A condition where muscles at the back of the throat relax during sleep, causing airway narrowing or closure.
What are common symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Snoring, daytime fatigue, and complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
What is Narcolepsy?
A condition characterized by sudden attacks of sleep that are often uncontrollable.
What are Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders?
Chronic or recurrent patterns of sleep-wake rhythm disruption.
What are Parasomnias?
Disorders such as somnambulism, REM sleep behavior disorder, and sleep terrors.
What is Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)?
A condition affecting up to 15% of the population, characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs.
What are nonpharmacologic interventions for sleep at home?
Eliminate caffeine and nicotine, exercise regularly, and maintain a cool, dark, and quiet environment.
What are pharmacologic interventions for sleep alterations?
Hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics.
What is Melatonin?
A naturally occurring hormone made by the pineal gland, used as a sleep aid with few known side effects.
What should be evaluated in a sleep assessment?
Usual sleep-wake pattern, recent changes, sleep disturbances, and client’s response to sleep therapies.
What are common sleep-related nursing diagnoses?
Sleep Pattern Disturbance/Deprivation, Fatigue, Risk for Injury, and Anxiety.
