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Sleep and Dreaming Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

our biological clock regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle. (temperature or wakefulness)

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3
Q

REM sleep

A

recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. paradoxical sleep, because muscles are relaxed but other body systems active.

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4
Q

Alpha Waves

A

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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5
Q

sleep

A

periodic, natural loss of consciousness

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6
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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7
Q

delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM

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8
Q

NREM

A

non rapid eye movement sleep, encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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9
Q

Insomnia

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

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11
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

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12
Q

Night Terrors

A

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. only occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, seldom remembered.

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13
Q

Dream

A

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

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14
Q

Manifest content

A

according to Freud, the symbolic remembered story line of a dream.

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15
Q

Latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

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16
Q

REM rebound

A

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

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17
Q

Hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

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18
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. clinicians use this to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

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19
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

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20
Q

Tolerance

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

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21
Q

Withdrawal

A

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

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22
Q

Addiction

A

a state of psychological or physical dependence (or both) on the use of alcohol or other drugs

23
Q

Dependence

A

reliance on a psychoactive substance for its pleasurable effects.

24
Q

Depressants

A

drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

25
Barbiturates
drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
26
Opiates
opium snd its derivatives, such as morphien and heroin. Depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
27
Stimulants
drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine and ectsasy) that excte neural activity and speed up body functions
28
Amphetamines
drugs (methamphetamine) that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes
29
Methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
30
Ecstasy (MDMA)
a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons to mood and cognition
31
Hallucinogens
psychedelic (mind manifesting) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
32
LSD
a powerful hallucinogenic drug; acid. lysergic acid diethylamide
33
Near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
34
THC
a major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
35
STAGES OF SLEEP
there are 7
36
Beta
beta waves of an alert, waking state
37
Alpha
alpha waves of an awake relaxed state
38
Stage 1
NREM-1. the brief near-waking sleep with irregular brain waves we enter (after leaving alpha waves of being awake and relaxed) sensations: falling or floating may occur
39
Stage 2
NREM-2. we spend about half our sleep time, with its characteristic sleep spindles (bursts of rhythmic brain waves)
40
Stage 3
NREM-3. deep sleep, in which large, slow delta waves are emitted
41
Stage 5
REM. is the paradoxical stage of sleep because of internal arousal but external calm. most dreaming and lengthens as the night goes on
42
Theories of Sleep
43
Evolutionary
sleep at night might be an adaptation based on human weakness at night
44
Physiological conservation of energy
the main function of sleep is to reduce a person's energy demand during part of the day and night when it is least efficient to hunt for food
45
Need for repair and restoration
sleep allows for the body to repair and replete cellular components necessary for biological functions that become depleted throughout an awake day
46
Role of sleep in neuroplasticity
sleep is necessary for neural reorganization and growth of the brain’s structure and function.
47
Sleep Disorders
eight of these
48
Sleep Apnea
stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping
49
Somnambulism (sleepwalking) and Sleep Talking
Somnambulism: doing normal waking activities (sitting up, walking, speaking) while asleep. during NREM-3 Sleeptalking: verbalization during sleep, either in the form of mumbling or coherent speech. occurs during any stage
50
Insomnia
Ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep
51
Narcolepsy
Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness
52
Nightmares
unpleasant dream during REM
53
Night terrors
appearing terrified, talking nonsense, sitting up, or walking around during NREM-3 sleep. disturbing physiological reactions during NREM-3

Psychology (6 decks)

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