Sleep

Question 1

During active wakefulness, _____ waves are mainly observed. During relaxed wakefulness, wave patterns are predominantly made up of _______ waves. There is a sharp ______ switch from wake to sleep.

Answer 1

beta
alpha
on/off

Question 2

During Stage N1 (non-REM no. 1), waves are predominantly ______ waves (4 -8 Hz). There is a _____ of awareness of surroundings, but the person can be easily ______ (eyes drift close but you can pop back up - like sleeping in a lecture).

A ______ in body temperature is also seen, muscles _______, and _____ move slowly from side to side. The time spent in N1 is ______ (about __ minutes).

Answer 2

theta
loss
woken

decrease
relax
eyes
short
5

Question 3

In Stage N2 (non-REM no.2) the brain’s electrical activity is _______. It has _____ waves, intermingled with sleep ______ (brain disconnects sensory input for memory consolidation) and _______ (vigilance system which can be evoked by external or internal stimuli).

Eyes are _____, and _____ rate and ______ is slow. It lasts about ___ to ___ minutes. BUT about _____ the night is spent in this sleep.

Answer 3

irregular
slow
spindles
k-complex

still
heart
breathing
10
25
half

Question 4

Stage N3 and N4 are known as _____ _____ stages. This is where people are _____ vulnerable as they are ______ responsive to external stimuli. It is predominated by slow _____ waves.

Breathing becomes ______, blood pressure and heart rate _______.
It is a time for your body to ______ and _____. The ______ gland releases growth hormone for tissue growth and ______ repair. The _______ system is also activated. Young people spend ____ of their time in deep sleep, but for people over 65 this happens _______.

Answer 4

deep sleep
most
least
delta

regular
decreases
restore
repair
muscle
immune
rarely

Question 5

In REM or dreaming sleep the brain is active yet the body is _______. The brain is as active as in _________, but the body is still except for ______ and ______ rate. The ________ nervous system is twice as active.

REM is restorative for your _____. It facilitates _____ and _____.

Answer 5

paralysed
wakefulness
breathing
heart
sympathetic

mind
memory
learning

Question 6

Each of the stages of sleep ______ throughout the night. Earlier in sleep, more time is spent in _______ sleep and later in the evening more time is spent in _____ sleep.

Answer 6

cycle
non-REM
REM

Question 7

Sleep patterns across a lifetime change. For example, babies and children spend heaps of time in _____ sleep, but this decreases a lot with age. Even the amount of sleep _______ with age.

Answer 7

REM

decreases

Question 8

Name the six most important functions of sleep and explain how each are affected by sleep deprivation.

Answer 8

1. hormonal function - insulin regulation becomes irregular without sleep, which could be related to obesity.
2. immune function - immunity is significantly decreased after immunisation with sleep deprivation.
3. mental health - disorders correlated with sleep problems..is it the disorder that causes the sleep issues or the other way around? BUT there is also a strong correlation of depression with sleep apnea. Treatment for sleep apnea helped with depression and ADHD.
4. Vigilance - sleep deprivation leads to more lapses in attention (lots more simple mistakes)
5. Cleaning the brain - known to clear the brain of beta amyloid plaque that builds up in Alzhimer’s disease. At night, the cells shrink and brain cleans itself (more rapidly than when awake)
6. Emotional balance - emotional images experiment. After sleep deprivation recall was worse (of course) BUT sleep deprived people performed better on negatively valenced images