Sleep Flashcards
Where is the reticular formation?
In the white-matter of the pons
What is the function of the reticular system?
Sleep Motor Motivation and reward Autonomic Cardiorespiratory control
How is the reticular system activated?
Visceral Visual Nociceptive Auditory Olfactory
What are the outputs of the reticular system?
Motor
Cortex
Thalamus
Autonomic
What is an EEG?
Place electrodes on the scalp and it measures electrical activity
Which sleep waves/brainwaves are there from smallest to largest?
Delta
Theta
Alpha
Beta
Why do we need sleep?
Reset central nervous system
Memory formation
Homoeostasis
What state is the body and mind and in non-REM sleep?
Body active
Brain inactive
What state is the body and mind in in REM sleep?
Inactive body
Active mind
Explain what happens in non REM sleep
Decreased temperature Decreased respiratory rate Decreased heartrate Decreased cerebral bloodflow Decreased BP BMR reduced
Explain what happens in REM sleep
Dreaming
Irregular heart rate
Irregular respiratory rate
Increased BMR
Descending inhibition of motor neurones and penile errection
EEG waves spread from pons to thalamus to occipital lobe
What neurotransmitter is active during waking?
Noradrenaline
5HT
ACh
What neurotransmitter is active during non-REM sleep?
Then
What neurotransmitter is active during REM sleep?
ACh
What happens in obstructive sleep apnoea?
Muscle tone of respiratory tract muscles lost
Closure of the airways
Reducing pO2
Snoring and wakefulness
