sleep Flashcards
1
Q
what is sleep?
A
- sleep is a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of
awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli.
2
Q
what are the characteristics of sleep?
A
- reduced ability to control behaviour
- less accurate understanding of time
- less control over our thoughts
3
Q
circadian rhythm
A
- 24-hour cycles that are part of the body’s internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions & processes
4
Q
what is the most well-known circadian rhythm?
A
- the sleep-wake cycle
5
Q
sleep-wake cycle
A
- light exposure sends signals that generate alertness and help keep us awake and active
- at night, the rhythm produces melatonin a hormone to promote sleep helping us stay asleep throughout the night
6
Q
what are the two types of sleep?
A
- REM sleep
- NREM sleep
7
Q
what does REM stand for?
A
- rapid eye movement
8
Q
what does NREM stand for?
A
- non-rapid eye movements
9
Q
REM sleep
A
- characterised by rapid eye movements
- high characteristics of brain activity, & low levels of physical activity
- low levels of somatic nervous system activity
10
Q
NREM sleep
A
- characterised by lack of rapid eye movement
- subdivided into 3 stages
11
Q
sleep episode
A
- full duration of time spent asleep
- made up of multiple repeated cycles of REM and NREM sleep
12
Q
how long is a sleep cycle?
A
- approximately 90 min periods
13
Q
what do brain waves do?
A
- tell us how much activity there is in the brain
14
Q
what are the two things to look at with brain waves?
A
- frequency; refers to the number of brain waves per second
- amplitude; refers to the size of the peaks and the troughs
15
Q
NREM stage 1
A
- transitions from being awake to light sleep
- some experience of hypnagogic state, some people jerk or feeling of falling/floating
- beta/alpha waves
- loose awareness of yourself but still aware of surroundings
16
Q
NREM stage 2
A
17
Q
NREM stage 3
A
18
Q
EEG- Electroencephalograph
A
- a device that detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity of the brain
- small electrodes being attached to scalp
- each electrode receives signals from thousand of nuerons in the brain
- turns info into the visual pattern of brain waves
19
Q
EOG- Electroculargraph
A
- a device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles responsible for eye movement
- small electrodes being attached to upper face around the eyes
- detects less eye movement in NREM, but lots of eye movement in REM sleep
- turns info into visual patterns
20
Q
EMG- Electromyograph
A
- a device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles
- small electrodes being attached to the lower face around the jaw
- receives signals from the contractions of the muscle
- turns info into visual patterns
- show less muscle contractions when we are asleep & completely relaxed state (no muscle movement) during REM sleep
21
Q
how do we determine if someone is asleep?
A
- only way to determine if someone is asleep is by using a EEG, EMG or EOG