sleep

Question 1

what is sleep?

Answer 1

• sleep is a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of
  awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli.

Question 2

what are the characteristics of sleep?

Answer 2

• reduced ability to control behaviour
• less accurate understanding of time
• less control over our thoughts

Question 3

circadian rhythm

Answer 3

• 24-hour cycles that are part of the body’s internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions & processes

Question 4

what is the most well-known circadian rhythm?

Answer 4

• the sleep-wake cycle

Question 5

sleep-wake cycle

Answer 5

• light exposure sends signals that generate alertness and help keep us awake and active
• at night, the rhythm produces melatonin a hormone to promote sleep helping us stay asleep throughout the night

Question 6

what are the two types of sleep?

Answer 6

• REM sleep
• NREM sleep

Question 7

what does REM stand for?

Answer 7

• rapid eye movement

Question 8

what does NREM stand for?

Answer 8

• non-rapid eye movements

Question 9

REM sleep

Answer 9

• characterised by rapid eye movements
• high characteristics of brain activity, & low levels of physical activity
• low levels of somatic nervous system activity

Question 10

NREM sleep

Answer 10

• characterised by lack of rapid eye movement
• subdivided into 3 stages

Question 11

sleep episode

Answer 11

• full duration of time spent asleep
• made up of multiple repeated cycles of REM and NREM sleep

Question 12

how long is a sleep cycle?

Answer 12

• approximately 90 min periods

Question 13

what do brain waves do?

Answer 13

• tell us how much activity there is in the brain

Question 14

what are the two things to look at with brain waves?

Answer 14

• frequency; refers to the number of brain waves per second
• amplitude; refers to the size of the peaks and the troughs

Question 15

NREM stage 1

Answer 15

• transitions from being awake to light sleep
• some experience of hypnagogic state, some people jerk or feeling of falling/floating
• beta/alpha waves
• loose awareness of yourself but still aware of surroundings

Question 16

NREM stage 2

Question 17

NREM stage 3

Question 18

EEG- Electroencephalograph

Answer 18

• a device that detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity of the brain
• small electrodes being attached to scalp
• each electrode receives signals from thousand of nuerons in the brain
• turns info into the visual pattern of brain waves

Question 19

EOG- Electroculargraph

Answer 19

• a device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles responsible for eye movement
• small electrodes being attached to upper face around the eyes
• detects less eye movement in NREM, but lots of eye movement in REM sleep
• turns info into visual patterns

Question 20

EMG- Electromyograph

Answer 20

• a device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles
• small electrodes being attached to the lower face around the jaw
• receives signals from the contractions of the muscle
• turns info into visual patterns
• show less muscle contractions when we are asleep & completely relaxed state (no muscle movement) during REM sleep

Question 21

how do we determine if someone is asleep?

Answer 21

• only way to determine if someone is asleep is by using a EEG, EMG or EOG