Sleep Flashcards
Sleep
Person lacks conscious awareness but easily awakened
Sleep Disturbances vs Disorder
Dist: Conditions of poor sleep quality
Diso: Abnormalities unique to sleep
RAS
Reticular Activating System: Causes Alertness and Attention
4 Functions of RAS
Motor
Sensory
Visceral
Consciousness
Circadian Rhythm
Managed by?
Biological rhythm of behavior over a 24hr period
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in hypothalamus
Strongest queue for our sleep rhythm
light
Sleep Latency
When someone begins to fall asleep
How much does NREM sleep make up for?
75%-80%
Parasomnias
When are they most common?
Unusual behaviors while falling asleep
- When transitioning between sleep phases
How to help w/ ICU Psychosis
Lower lights open blinds
Cause of Chronic Insomnia
Often not known
Maybe: Stressful event
Psych. illness/ med condition
Substance Abuse
How long to ask pt to sleep log when suspected of insomnia?
2 weeks
Diagnosis of Insomnia
Self
Actigraphy
Polysomnography
What is the first line of defense for insomnia?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Drug therapy for Insomnia (5)
Benzodiazepine
Melatonin Agonist
Antidepressant
Antihistamines
Alternative therapy
Sedative-Hypnotic Drug
Treats anxiety/insomnia
Depress CNS function
Common Benzodiazepines for sleep
Temazepam
Triazolam
Sleep apnea Symptoms (6)
Snoring
Day time sleepiness
Breathing obstruction in sleep
Morning headache Unrefreshing sleep
Increased Irritability
Complications of sleep can result in (5):
Hypertension
Cardiac Changes
Poor memort
Impotence
Depression
Apnea is not breathing for ____
10-90 seconds
How many times can apnea happen in a 6-8hr period
200-400
What can sleep apnea lead to?
Insomnia
Who is at more risk for sleep apnea?
Obese ppl
ppl >65 y/o
ppl with tech circumference over 17in.
ppl with craniofacial abnormalities that affect the airway
Smokers
Between men and women who is it more common in?
Men until women are in menopause, then it evens out but it becomes more dangerous for women
How common is sleep apnea?
2-10% of Americans but considered to be underreported
How long does a diagnosis take foe sleep apnea
1-2 nights
Treatments for mild sleep apnea?
Sleeping on ones side
Elevating head of bed
Avoiding sedatives and alcohol 3-4hrs before sleep
Weight loss
Oral appliance
Treatment for severe sleep apnea
CPAP
BIPAP
Surgery (UP3 or GAHM)
Most common treatments for mild sleep apnea
CPAP machines
How does a BiPAP differ from a CPAP
BiPAP has one pressure for inhaling and the other for exhaling
What is Narcolepsy?
When the brain is unable to regulate sleep wake cycles normally
Ig a pt with narcolepsy goes to sleep suddenly, what stage is it?
REM
What neuropeptide is linked to narcolepsy?
Orexin: low levels lead to difficulty staying awake
2 types narcolepsy?
Type 1: With cataplexy
Type 2: w/o cataplexy
Symptoms of narcolepsy?
Sleep paralysis
Cataplexy
Fragmented nighttime sleep
Management for narcolepsy (5)
Sleep hygiene maintenance
Naps
Avoid Heavy meals and alcohol
Lifestyle changes
Ensure safety
For sleep, older age is associated with (4)
shorter total sleep time
Decreased sleep efficiency
More awakenings
Insomnia Symptoms
Dangers of sleep complications for older age?
Awakenings can lead to falls
Meds can contribute to sleep problems
Avoid long acting benzodiazepines
Being awake for 17 and more than 24 hours is the same as what levels of blood alcohol?
.005%
.10% (Legally drunk)
Do’s for nurse fatigue management
One break in addition to lunch
Use caffeine therapeutically as a stim.
Carbs + Proteins
Exercise
Main DONT for nurse fatigue management
DONT drink alcohol
