sleep

Question 1

what are three mechanisms that can be used to monitor sleep cycle stages?

Answer 1

brain waves
muscle tone
eye movement

Question 2

which sleep measure looks at brain activity?

Answer 2

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 3

which sleep measure looks at muscle activity?

Answer 3

electromyogram (EMG)

Question 4

which sleep measure looks at eye movement?

Answer 4

electrooculogram (EOG)

Question 5

how many stages does a sleep cycle contain?

Answer 5

four

Question 6

how long is each sleep cycle?

Answer 6

90 minutes

Question 7

what is REM sleep?

Answer 7

rapid eye movements that have low amplitude and high frequency activity

Question 8

does dreaming only occur during REM sleep?

Answer 8

no, it can occur during non-rem sleep as well

Question 9

what is slow wave sleep?

Answer 9

low frequency with high amplitude that could result in sleep walking or talking

Question 10

what was discovered with Randy Gardner’s case?

Answer 10

total sleep lost can never be regained
slow wave sleep makes up most of stage 4

Question 11

what does chronic sleep loss interfere with?

Answer 11

the activity of glias and neurons

Question 12

what are microsleeps?

Answer 12

brief sleep periods lasting up to a few seconds

Question 13

what happens after REM sleep deprivation?

Answer 13

REM rebound and potential impact of brain development

Question 14

does one’s percentage of REM sleep increase or decrease with aging?

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

what is the right to die case?

Answer 15

woman who was put into a coma after excessive use of substances and whose family wanted to take her off life support to help her die naturally but would be charged with murder

Question 16

which neural mechanism is in charge of controlling major events during REM sleep like muscle twitch?

Answer 16

the reticular formation in the brainstem

Question 17

which kind of neurons in the VLPOA initiate and maintain sleep?

Answer 17

GABA neurons

Question 18

what would an infection of the anterior hypothalamic region lead to?

Answer 18

disturbance during sleep

Question 19

histaminergic, noradrenergic, and seratoninergic neurons are all involved in ________.

Answer 19

wakefulness

Question 20

what would an infection of the posterior hypothalamus/midbrain lead to?

Answer 20

trouble staying awake/sleeping too much

Question 21

which sleep disorder is this: prolonged inability to sleep

Answer 21

insomnia

Question 22

what are possible insomnia treatments?

Answer 22

• benzodiazepines (valium + librium)
• melatonin

Question 23

which sleep disorder is this: period limb movement

Answer 23

restless legs syndrome

Question 24

which sleep disorder is this: breathing stops during sleep due to airway blockage

Answer 24

sleep apnea

Question 25

which sleep disorder is this: uncontrollably falling asleep at inappropriate timing

Answer 25

narcolepsy/hypersomnia

Question 26

which sleep disorder is this: sudden collapse while remaining awake

Answer 26

cataplexy

Question 27

which sleep disorder is this: inability to move while falling asleep or waking up

Answer 27

sleep paralysis