sleep Flashcards
(26 cards)
what do EEG, EMG and EOG measure
EEG: brain activity
EMG: muscle
EOG: eye movement
Describe the sleep cycle
Fall directly into deep sleep
cycle up to REM
first half: mainly deep sleep
second half: mainly REM sleep
In which type of sleep is there muscle activity?
non-REM stages
Name the four frequency bands (EEG) and the mental state they associate to
Beta: focused
Alpha: relaxed
Theta: drowsy
Delta: deep sleep
Why was the mouse on pedestal sleep deprivation study inconclusive
don’t know if sleep deprivation results from lack of sleep or stres
What happens if you don’t sleep?
- delayed reaction time, poor judgments
- ↑ stress hormones, mood swings, impulsiveness
- worse learning and memory
- ↑ weight gain, migraine, hallucinations, etc
- sleep debt
Name the 3 theories of sleep
- recovery and energy conservation
- learning and memory/brain processing
- restoration
T or F? the larger the specie is, the less sleep they need
True: ↑ body mass, ↓ total sleep time, ↑ length of sleep cycle
According to the brain processing theory, during which sleep stage does declarative learning and procedural learning occur?
declarative: slow-wave sleep
procedural: REM sleep
What controls the circadian rhythm?
Internal biological clock dictated by variation of sunlight
Describe the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the circadian rhythms
receives direct input from retina and helps regulate sleep-cycle
What are the effects of a lesion to the SNC?
alters the length and timing of sleep-wake cycle, but don’t change the total amount of time slept
Describe the interaction of two genes in the cells of the SNC that determines their clock
when expression of one protein gets high enough, it inhibits its own production and promotes the expression of a different protein
How does adenosine control how much sleep a person needs?
adenosine levels rise during waking hours and accumulate during sleep deprivation
drops when asleep
need for sleep: need to clear away adenosine
Name the neurotransmitters that show increased activity during periods of arousal.
serotonin
norepinephrine
acetylcholine
orexin
histamine
How do the neurons in the ventral lateral preoptic area (vlPOA) promote sleep
inhibit wake-promoting neurons
Explain the sleep-wake flip-flop circuit
OFF:
- vlPOA active
- vlPOA inhibits arousal system
ON:
- arousal system active
- arousal system inhibits vlPOA
Name an example of adenosine receptor antagonist
caffeine
Lack of orexin can cause..
narcolepsy
Define narcolepsy
periods of excessive daytime sleepiness and irresistible urges to sleep
Name the symptoms of narcolepsy
sleep paralysis: vivid, dream-like hallucinations, before they fall asleep or just after they wake up
cataplexy: muscle paralysis while someone is awake
Explain the REM sleep flip-flop cycle
OFF:
- ventrolateral periacqueductal grey (vlPAG) is active
- vlPAG inhibits SLD
ON:
- sublateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (SLD) is active
- SLD inhibits vlPAG
Define fatal familial insomnia (sporadic fatal insomnia)
progressively worsening insomnia that leads to hallucinations, delirium and confusional states
Define non-REM parasomnias and give examples
sleep disorders that occur during non-REM sleep. brain gets caught between sleep and wake state
ex. sleep-walking, sleep-talking, etc
