Sleep

Question 1

What is the cognitive outcome of treated obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 1

visual memory & exec fx significantly improve to normal, attention & WM remain impaired

Question 2

Sleep apnea

Answer 2

A breathing disorder of temporarily stopped breathing caused by upper airway obstruction or a central disorder

Question 3

Biggest decreases in blood flow to the brain during slow-wave sleep are seen in which brain areas?

Answer 3

Thalamic, midbrain, brainstem & cerebellum

Question 4

Neurocognitive effects of sleep apnea

Answer 4

Impairments in attention & concentration, motor coordination, depression, ADHD symptoms Hypoxia may cause memory & EF deficits

Question 5

Inadequate sleep primarily affects

Answer 5

Sustained attention/vigilance, coordination, emotional regulation, possible effects on memory retrieval, aspects of exec fx

Question 6

Wakefulness is associated with what type of brain waves?

Answer 6

Alpha & Beta

Question 7

Stage 2 sleep

Answer 7

Theta w/ K-complex & sleep spindles

Question 8

Stage 1 sleep

Answer 8

Alpha, Theta, & Beta waves

Question 9

Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 9

Smoking, ETOH, use of sedative meds, lying supine, sleep deprivation, medical conditions such as hypothyroidism & acromegaly

Question 10

Stages 3-4 sleep

Answer 10

Delta waves

Question 11

During which stages of sleep do parasomnias occur?

Answer 11

3 & 4

Question 12

During REM sleep, what areas of the brain are most active?

Answer 12

Brainstem, midbrain, thalamus, BG, secondary & auditory cortex