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SLE (TB) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic for SLE diagnostic criteria?

A

SOAP BRAIN MD

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2
Q

What does SOAP BRAIN MD stand for in SLE criteria?

A

Serositis. Oral ulcers. Arthritis. Photosensitivity.
Blood disorders. Renal disorder. ANA. Immunologic disorder. Neurologic disorder.
Malar rash. Discoid rash

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3
Q

What are the major hematologic manifestations of SLE?

A

Anemia. leukopenia. thrombocytopenia. Lympophenia

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4
Q

What is the most common cardiac manifestation of SLE?

A

Pericarditis

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5
Q

What type of glomerulonephritis is most common in SLE?

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

What skin lesions are characteristic of discoid lupus?

A

Erythematous. scaly plaques that may cause scarring

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7
Q

What is the characteristic finding on renal biopsy in lupus nephritis?

A

“Wire loop” lesions due to subendothelial immune complex deposition

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8
Q

What is the major cause of death in the early stage of SLE?

A

Infections due to immunosuppressive therapy

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9
Q

What is the major cause of death in the late stage of SLE?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

Which antibodies are associated with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block?

A

Anti-SSA (Ro) and Anti-SSB (La)

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11
Q

Which demographic is most affected by SLE?

A

Women of childbearing age (especially African American. Hispanic and Asian women)

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12
Q

What is the typical presentation of SLE?

A

Fatigue. fever. weight loss. malar rash. arthritis. photosensitivity. serositis

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13
Q

What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?

A

Episodic vasospasm of the extremities in response to cold or stress

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14
Q

What lab finding is common in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Prolonged aPTT despite increased thrombosis risk

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15
Q

What is the treatment for lupus nephritis?

A

High-dose glucocorticoids + cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil

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16
Q

What is the typical pattern of arthritis in SLE?

A

Non-erosive. symmetric and migratory arthritis

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17
Q

Which antibodies are associated with mixed connective tissue disease?

A

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)

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18
Q

What is the role of hydroxychloroquine in SLE?

A

Treatment for skin and joint symptoms and prevention of flares

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19
Q

What are common side effects of hydroxychloroquine?

A

Retinopathy (regular eye exams are needed)

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20
Q

What type of anemia is common in SLE?

A

Normocytic normochromic anemia (anemia of chronic disease)

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21
Q

Which drugs increase the risk of SLE flares?

A

Sulfa drugs. penicillin and oral contraceptives

22
Q

What is the key finding in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy loss

23
Q

What test can confirm the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies?

A

Lupus anticoagulant. anticardiolipin antibody. anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody

24
Q

What clotting test is paradoxically prolonged in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

aPTT (despite increased clotting tendency)

25
What is the recommended treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome?
Anticoagulation with warfarin or heparin
26
What is the treatment for severe SLE flares?
High-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy
27
What is the typical finding in pleuritis or pericarditis in SLE?
Pleuritic chest pain or pericardial friction rub
28
Which type of vasculitis is associated with SLE?
Small-vessel vasculitis
29
What is the major neurologic manifestation in SLE?
Seizures and psychosis
30
Which antibodies are associated with drug-induced lupus?
Anti-histone antibodies
31
What are the most common drugs causing drug-induced lupus?
Hydralazine , Procainamide, Isoniazid, Quinidine, Minocycline
32
What is the genetic association with SLE?
HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3
33
What is the mechanism of anemia in SLE?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia or anemia of chronic disease
34
What is the most likely cause of fever in a patient with SLE?
Infection or lupus flare
35
What is the hallmark of lupus nephritis on urinalysis?
Proteinuria and hematuria
36
What is the most effective lifestyle change to reduce SLE flares?
Avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen
37
What lab abnormality is commonly seen in lupus nephritis?
Low complement levels (C3
38
What is the leading cause of death in long-standing SLE?
Cardiovascular disease (MI. stroke)
39
What is a "butterfly rash" in SLE?
Erythematous rash across the cheeks and nose that spares the nasolabial folds
40
What antibody is most strongly associated with renal disease in SLE?
Anti-dsDNA antibody
41
What is the confirmatory test for SLE?
Positive ANA + positive anti-dsDNA or anti-Sm antibody
42
What is the mainstay of treatment for SLE?
Corticosteroids. hydroxychloroquine. immunosuppressants
43
Why is SLE considered a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Due to immune complex deposition causing inflammation
44
What syndrome is associated with SLE and hypercoagulability?
Antiphospholipid syndrome
45
What organ system is commonly involved in late-stage SLE?
Kidney (lupus nephritis)
46
What screening test is recommended for SLE patients on long-term steroids?
Bone density test (for osteoporosis)
47
What type of pleural effusion is common in SLE?
Exudative pleural effusion
48
What is the classic triad of symptoms in SLE?
Fever. joint pain and rash
49
What is the key finding on echocardiogram in Libman-Sacks endocarditis?
Non-bacterial vegetations on both sides of the valve
50
What is the recommended treatment for lupus arthritis?
NSAIDs. hydroxychloroquine. corticosteroids if severe
51
What is the gold standard for diagnosing lupus nephritis?
Renal biopsy
52
What antibody is highly specific for SLE?
Anti-Sm (Smith) antibody

AAA-MEDICINE (GI) (8 decks)

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