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AAA-MEDICINE (GI) > SLE (TB) > Flashcards

SLE (TB) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic for SLE diagnostic criteria?

A

SOAP BRAIN MD

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2
Q

What does SOAP BRAIN MD stand for in SLE criteria?

A

Serositis. Oral ulcers. Arthritis. Photosensitivity.
Blood disorders. Renal disorder. ANA. Immunologic disorder. Neurologic disorder.
Malar rash. Discoid rash

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3
Q

What are the major hematologic manifestations of SLE?

A

Anemia. leukopenia. thrombocytopenia. Lympophenia

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4
Q

What is the most common cardiac manifestation of SLE?

A

Pericarditis

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5
Q

What type of glomerulonephritis is most common in SLE?

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

What skin lesions are characteristic of discoid lupus?

A

Erythematous. scaly plaques that may cause scarring

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7
Q

What is the characteristic finding on renal biopsy in lupus nephritis?

A

“Wire loop” lesions due to subendothelial immune complex deposition

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8
Q

What is the major cause of death in the early stage of SLE?

A

Infections due to immunosuppressive therapy

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9
Q

What is the major cause of death in the late stage of SLE?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

Which antibodies are associated with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block?

A

Anti-SSA (Ro) and Anti-SSB (La)

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11
Q

Which demographic is most affected by SLE?

A

Women of childbearing age (especially African American. Hispanic and Asian women)

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12
Q

What is the typical presentation of SLE?

A

Fatigue. fever. weight loss. malar rash. arthritis. photosensitivity. serositis

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13
Q

What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?

A

Episodic vasospasm of the extremities in response to cold or stress

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14
Q

What lab finding is common in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Prolonged aPTT despite increased thrombosis risk

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15
Q

What is the treatment for lupus nephritis?

A

High-dose glucocorticoids + cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil

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16
Q

What is the typical pattern of arthritis in SLE?

A

Non-erosive. symmetric and migratory arthritis

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17
Q

Which antibodies are associated with mixed connective tissue disease?

A

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)

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18
Q

What is the role of hydroxychloroquine in SLE?

A

Treatment for skin and joint symptoms and prevention of flares

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19
Q

What are common side effects of hydroxychloroquine?

A

Retinopathy (regular eye exams are needed)

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20
Q

What type of anemia is common in SLE?

A

Normocytic normochromic anemia (anemia of chronic disease)

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21
Q

Which drugs increase the risk of SLE flares?

A

Sulfa drugs. penicillin and oral contraceptives

22
Q

What is the key finding in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy loss

23
Q

What test can confirm the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies?

A

Lupus anticoagulant. anticardiolipin antibody. anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody

24
Q

What clotting test is paradoxically prolonged in antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

aPTT (despite increased clotting tendency)

25
Q

What is the recommended treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Anticoagulation with warfarin or heparin

26
Q

What is the treatment for severe SLE flares?

A

High-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy

27
Q

What is the typical finding in pleuritis or pericarditis in SLE?

A

Pleuritic chest pain or pericardial friction rub

28
Q

Which type of vasculitis is associated with SLE?

A

Small-vessel vasculitis

29
Q

What is the major neurologic manifestation in SLE?

A

Seizures and psychosis

30
Q

Which antibodies are associated with drug-induced lupus?

A

Anti-histone antibodies

31
Q

What are the most common drugs causing drug-induced lupus?

A

Hydralazine , Procainamide, Isoniazid, Quinidine, Minocycline

32
Q

What is the genetic association with SLE?

A

HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3

33
Q

What is the mechanism of anemia in SLE?

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia or anemia of chronic disease

34
Q

What is the most likely cause of fever in a patient with SLE?

A

Infection or lupus flare

35
Q

What is the hallmark of lupus nephritis on urinalysis?

A

Proteinuria and hematuria

36
Q

What is the most effective lifestyle change to reduce SLE flares?

A

Avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen

37
Q

What lab abnormality is commonly seen in lupus nephritis?

A

Low complement levels (C3

38
Q

What is the leading cause of death in long-standing SLE?

A

Cardiovascular disease (MI. stroke)

39
Q

What is a “butterfly rash” in SLE?

A

Erythematous rash across the cheeks and nose that spares the nasolabial folds

40
Q

What antibody is most strongly associated with renal disease in SLE?

A

Anti-dsDNA antibody

41
Q

What is the confirmatory test for SLE?

A

Positive ANA + positive anti-dsDNA or anti-Sm antibody

42
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment for SLE?

A

Corticosteroids. hydroxychloroquine. immunosuppressants

43
Q

Why is SLE considered a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Due to immune complex deposition causing inflammation

44
Q

What syndrome is associated with SLE and hypercoagulability?

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

45
Q

What organ system is commonly involved in late-stage SLE?

A

Kidney (lupus nephritis)

46
Q

What screening test is recommended for SLE patients on long-term steroids?

A

Bone density test (for osteoporosis)

47
Q

What type of pleural effusion is common in SLE?

A

Exudative pleural effusion

48
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms in SLE?

A

Fever. joint pain and rash

49
Q

What is the key finding on echocardiogram in Libman-Sacks endocarditis?

A

Non-bacterial vegetations on both sides of the valve

50
Q

What is the recommended treatment for lupus arthritis?

A

NSAIDs. hydroxychloroquine. corticosteroids if severe

51
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing lupus nephritis?

A

Renal biopsy

52
Q

What antibody is highly specific for SLE?

A

Anti-Sm (Smith) antibody

AAA-MEDICINE (GI) (5 decks)

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