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slavery interpretations Flashcards

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1
Q

Who first raised the issue of slavery?

A

The Enlightenment had raised issues related to human rights through the rejection of the status quo and a more rational approach to understanding the world

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2
Q

What was the increasing belief in 18th century societies?

A

There was an increasing belief that all humans were fundamentally the same and therefore should be treated equally. This turned some people’s attention to the slave trade because the welfare of the many had been ignored

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3
Q

What did the first Humanitarian campaign achieve?

A

the first Founding Hospital set up in 1739 to care for abandoned children

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4
Q

What did financial gaps in society cause people to believe?

A

The growth in wealth amongst the few and the increasing gap between the rich and the poor led to some believing that they should care for those less fortunate than themselves

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5
Q

What did altruism cause

A

was a reaction against the increasingly individualistic and capitalist society that was being encouraged through the government’s policies of free trade

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6
Q

Who were the Quakers and when were they formed?

A

They were a religious group formed in 1650 based on the idea that God could be found inside everyone and could be worshipped without the need for clergy (or a church).

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7
Q

What did the Quakers do in June 1783?

A

In June 1783, the Quakers presented a petition against the slave trade signed by 273 and then set up a 23-man committee to actively campaign for its abolition

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8
Q

What did the Quakers do in July 1783?

A

In July 1783, a second Quaker committee was established which sent articles to a dozen newspapers highlighting the evils of slavery to educate the public and publishing pamphlets.

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9
Q

What did the Quakers do in 1784?

A

In 1784, 10,000 copied of their pamphlet, `The Case of our fellow-creatures, the oppressed Africans, respectfully recommended to the serious consideration of the legislature of Great Britain by the people called Quakers was distributed amongst MPs, the royal family, and the general public, to promote the cause of abolition

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10
Q

Who did the Quaker delegations visit?

A

Quaker delegations visited Eton, Harrow, and other elite schools, some of whose students were the sons of the wealthy West Indian plantation owner

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11
Q

What was the result of the petition in 1783?

A

it was ignored by all in Parliament

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12
Q

How were the Quakers different from other people in society?

A

Quakers were conspicuously different in Britain’s class society; they refused to doff their caps (even at royalty) because they believed all were equal in front of God

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13
Q

What did the Quakers stress?

A

Quakers stressed the suffering of the slaves and tried to address the lack of sympathy shown in Britain due to the pursuit of economic prosperity

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14
Q

What did the Quakers provide?

A

They provided a platform for others with similar views but who didn’t know how to proceed without direction

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15
Q

Did the Quakers receive support?

A

The Quakers did receive support from former slaves (including Equiano) and 8 Africans presented them with an address of thanks

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16
Q

Who were the Evangelical Christians?

A

A multi-denominational faith who believed in the strength of repentance as a means of salvation

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17
Q

Which individuals were against slavery?

A

Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson were both against slavery

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18
Q

What did Sharp and Clarkson do?

A

They founded a society for effective the abolition of the slave trade

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19
Q

Who was Jonathan Strong and David Lisle?

A

Jonathan Strong was a former slave, Sharp took David Lisle to court after David tried to recapture Jonathan Strong. In 1768 it was ruled in Strong’s favour

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20
Q

What was Sharp’s Sierra Leone project?

A

Sharp’s Sierra Leone project- Sharp came up with the idea that Blacks should be allowed in the community

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21
Q

Who was William Wilberforce?

A

The society of the abolition of the Slave Trade, had William Wilberforce who was the MP for Hull, represent the group in the house of Commons

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22
Q

What did The society of the abolition of the Slave Trade do in Sierra Leone?

A

The group set up a new colony for former slaves in Sierra Leone in 1787 they sent 290 free black and 41 women including 60 prostitutes and 70 white women

23
Q

What was a financial factor to the slave trade?

A

The infrastructure related to the slave trade (and trade in general) generated much wealth

24
Q

Why did Shipbuilding and out-fitting businesses grow?

A

they grew throughout the 18th century when more than 35,000 slave voyages took place.

25
Q

What was Liverpool known for?

A

by the 1790s, Liverpool was the biggest slave-trading port in the world and claimed three sevenths of European trade

26
Q

What did Liverpool provide?

A

provided thousands of jobs in associated industries.

27
Q

which countries created a network which allowed export markets for British merchandise created in British Factories?

A

West Indies, Britain, the Americas, and West Africa

28
Q

What did Britain provide Sugar plantation owners and slaves with?

A

Sugar plantation owners’ houses were furnished with British imports whilst slaves used tools fashioned in British Factories

29
Q

Which slave ports created excessive wealth?

A

Slave ports became centres of excessive wealth e.g., Bristol, Liverpool, and Glasgow. In Bristol in the 1780s, 40% of people’s income was slaved-based

30
Q

What percentage of of Britain’s textile output went abroad between the years of 1784-86 and 1805-07?

A

87%

31
Q

Why were the textiles exported?

A

because slave traders would fill their ships with British goods (e.g., guns, ammunition, clothing, and textiles) and then swap them for slaves on the African coast

32
Q

What did war with France between 1793 and 1815 cause?

A

British manufacturers had to rely solely on African market because the ports were blocked in Europe

33
Q

How was the Cathedral-like library of All Souls College, Oxford, was financed?

A

financed by Profits from a slave plantation in Barbados

34
Q

What did the Liverpool Merchant William Davenport invest in?

A

William Davenport invested in 74 slave voyages in the 18th century with an overall profit of 8.1%. between 1779-1780, whilst the American War of Independence was taking place, he netted 73.5% and 147% and profit in just two voyages

35
Q

By the mid 1700s, How many Hogsheads were Britain importing in?

A

Britain was importing 100,000 hogsheads (63-gallon casks) of sugar each year. Due to the value of sugar, the value of British imports from Jamaica was five times that of the 13 mainland colonies (in what is now the USA)

36
Q

What were the imports from Grenada to Britain worth?

A

British Imports from the tiny Caribbean Island of Grenada were worth eight times that of imports from Canada

37
Q

Who was Thomas Clarkson?

A

Thomas Clarkson (28 March 1760-26 September 1846) was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire. In his later years, Clarkson campaigned for the abolition of slavery worldwide it was then concentrated in America

38
Q

What did Thomas Clarkson help form?

A

Thomas Clarkson was a significant figure in the formation of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade

39
Q

What did Clarkson devote his life to?

A

he devoted his life to telling people about the horrific nature of the transatlantic slavery and Campaign for its Abolition
Leading campaigner for abolition of slave trade

40
Q

What did William Wilberforce do?

A

Led the parliamentary campaign, regularly introduced bills to abolish slavery.
Thomas Clarkson had a large influence on him. Was regularly involved in anti-slavery for 18 years.
Seen as radical.
1789 constantly rejected, confident drew from Thomas Clarkson.
Strong evangelical

41
Q

Who was Olaudah Equiano?

A

He was a slave who paid a master £40 for freedom.
Was kidnapped at 11 and sold to slavery.
Helped to abolish slavery.
Provided an insight into slavery as he has been there first-hand.
wasn’t accepted in society

42
Q

When did Britain lose American?

A

the loss of America by the British in 1783 certainly affected the abolitionists cause since it raised questions about liberty and the right of men

43
Q

How was Britain impacted by the loss of America?

A

One of the biggest impacts on Britain was the loss of a market to sell slaves; in 1776, approximately 20% of the population of the Thirteen Colonies were of African descent

44
Q

How did the American Revolutions help the slave trade?

A

The revolution, combined with publications such as Equiano’s autobiography about slave experiences, made the abolitionist movement gain considerable momentum

45
Q

What did the 1788 Dolben act do?

A

restricted the number of slaves on a ship. This was renewed each year (with improvements) until 1799 when it was made permanent with the slave Regulation Act.

46
Q

How did the French Revolutions affect slavery?

A

Following the French revolution (1789), in 1794 slavery in France had been abolished. Napoleon reintroduced the slave trade in the French colonies in 1802 and this made the British consider their position further

47
Q

How did the public feel about the slave trade in the early 1800s?

A

In Britain, opposing the slave trade became patriotic duty and the movement gathered pace such that Wilberforce gained more support for his bill and even the support of the prime minister, William Pitt, in 1806 and his successor, William Grenville, slavery was abolished in 1807

48
Q

How did the French Revolutions affect Britain

A

Contributed to the ending of the slave trade?

49
Q

Why can’t it be said that the French Revolutions of slave trade meant that Britain abolished it?

A

the movement had been campaigning since 1787 and there was much support for the campaign even before the French action in 1802

50
Q

How did the French abolishing slavery in 1794, affect British abolitionists?

A

the British abolitionists became tarnished with the revolutionary brush which concerned the ruling classes. Those involved could risk arrest (and therefore those who were sympathetic to abolition).

51
Q

How was Wilberforce affected by the French revolutions?

A

Wilberforce found it difficult to rouse support for his bills between 1794-1802 as a result

52
Q

What did the French revolutions most likely do?

A

What is more likely is that the French reintroduction reinforced public opinion (rather than formed it) and this breathed new life into campaign which had become somewhat stale in the 1790s due to the revolution

53
Q

How did the Abolitionist movement falter?

A

The abolitionist movement faltered under government crackdowns against `revolutionaries with the Seditious Meeting Act (1795) and the Treason trials of 1793 and 1794 when Thomas Paine and Thomas Hardy were put on trial for their opposition to government policy

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