Skulls and facial Truama Flashcards
GCS 3 main categories?
Eye
Motor
Verbal
Typical CM for CT skull trauma
Nil Contrast
What can increased cranial pressure do the brain
Tonsillar Herniation
ST brain Windowing
WW= 100, WL= 40-50
3mm slice thickness
Skull bone window
WW=2000
WL= 200-300
2mm slice thickness
What typically does blood indicate in cisterns
Sub arachnoid heamorrage -> bleed into CSF
what can a ventricular effacement (thinning) or shift indicate?
intraventricular haemorrhage
what can fluid in sinuses or mastoid air cells signify?
Skull #
Briefly describe a extra/epi dural haemorrhage
Between dura and skull.
typically a skull #
Typically damage to MMA.
(doesnt tend to shift brain much due to strong dural layer holding blood back)
Describe a subdural haem.
Crescent shape between dura and arachnoid
Venous bleeding
Closed head injury
Describe a subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Between arachnoid and pia
follows surface of brain and CSF
Maybe intraventricular.
Describe intracerebral/ parenchymal haemorrhage
Tearing of brain parenchyma
associated with cerebral oedema
What usually attributes to cerebral contusions
and where are contusions typically missed?
Coup-Contrecoup
near Base of skull due to PVAvg.
Face position for CT facial bones?
Chin slightly raised
How to make CT mandible look like OPG
Recon with thicker slices
What is a blow out #
what occurs
and where are they most common to occur?
Blow to orbit
increased orbital pressure
ST swelling can hide diplopia (double vision) and restricted occular movement.
Inferior most common.
What # associated with a tripod #
Lateral orbital rim
Inf. orbital rim
zygom arch
