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Methods 3 B > Image Interp Pathos > Flashcards

Image Interp Pathos Flashcards

1
Q

Finger Dorsal Avulsion #

A

Forced flexion at IPJ

B- Extensor tendon insertion

Base of phalanx

Dorsal aspect

A - Mallet deformity

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2
Q

Finger Volar Avulsion #

A

Forced extension at IPJ

Dislocation

S - Localised ST swelling

B - Flexor tendon insertion

Base of phalanx

Volar plate

A - persistent dislocation/subluxation

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3
Q

Collateral avulsion # (skiers’ / gamekeepers’ thumb)

A

Abduction/adduction

Dislocation

S - Localised ST swelling

B - Collateral ligament insertion

Base of phalanx

Medial or lateral

A - persistent dislocation/subluxation

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4
Q

Paed hand #

A

‘Zone of hypertrophy’

Hyperextension (commonly

S - Localised ST swelling

B - Incomplete #’s

SH II #’s

Base proximal phalanges

MC necks

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5
Q

OA Hand

A

Primary (Familial)

Secondary (Abnormal mechanical forces)

Age

S - Localised soft tissue swelling

Joint effusions B - Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis Subchondral cysts/geodes
A - asymmetric joint space narrowing

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6
Q

RA

A

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory
disease

Synovial tissues and joints as well as
other systems

Adult onset (usually)

Female predominance

S - Fusiform and peri-articular ST swelling

B - Marginal erosions

Juxta-articular osteoporosis

Large subchondral cysts (late)

A - Symmetrical/concentric joint space
narrowing

Subluxations (ulnar deviation)

Boutonniere & swan neck

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7
Q

Supracondylar #

A

FOOSH - hyperextension

Direct blow or fall on the flexed elbow
(adult)

+/- vascular damage (brachial artery)

S - Localised ST swelling

+/- elevated fat pads

B - Transverse # proximal to condyles

Dorsal displacement (common)

Anterior displacement (less common)

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8
Q

Radial head and neck break #

A

FOOSH

S - Elevated fat pads (head)

+/- elevated fat pads (neck)

B - Longitudinal intra-articular # (head)

Transverse extra-articular # (neck)

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9
Q

Elbow Dislocation

A

FOOSH - Hyperextension elbow

S - ST swelling and deformity ** often no effusion ** B - +/- coronoid process #
+/- radial head #

+/- medial epicondyle avulsion

A - Dorsal or dorso-lateral dislocation of
forearm (most common)

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10
Q

Medial epicondyle avulsion #

A

Dislocation - elbow

Valgus force

S - Localised medial ST swelling

B - Avulsion # medial epicondyle or
secondary ossification centre

A - Intra-articular location of medial
epicondyle post reduction

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11
Q

Paired fractures - forearm

A

Fall

  • Diffuse ST swelling & deformity B - Mid-shaft #’s
    Angulation or displacement (most
    common dorsal)

+/- Plastic deformity (paeds)

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12
Q

Isolated ulna #

A

Defence injury
Direct impact
Fixed flexed elbow

S - Localised ST swelling
B - Undisplaced, transverse mid-shaft #

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13
Q

Ulna #-dislocation (Monteggia)

A

Fall on hyperextended arm

Posterior blow to extended elbow

S - Diffuse ST swelling and deformity B - Angulated # of proximal 1/3 ulna
A - Anterior dislocation of proximal radius

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14
Q

Radial #-dislocation (Galeazzi)

A

FOOSH

S - Diffuse ST swelling and deformity B - Angulated # of distal 1/3 radius
A - Disruption/dislocation of distal
radioulnar joint

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15
Q

Clav #

A

Direct blow (most common)

FOOSH

S - ST swelling & deformity B - Mid-shaft #’s (80%)
+/- Angulation or displacement

(Can be subtle)

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16
Q

Rote. Cuff dysfunction

A

Chronic - Impingement subacromial space

Acute

S - ST calcifications
B - Features of OA in ACJ/GHJ

A - ‘high riding’ humerus - Reduced
subacromial space

+/- subacromial erosion

17
Q

Humeral head and neck #

A

FOOSH (elderly majority) Major trauma (25-45 yrs)
Direct impact

Dislocation

S - ST swelling +/- deformity

Lipohaemarthrosis (intracapsular)

B - 85% undisplaced Surgical/anatomical
neck

+/- comminution

Isolated tuberosity # (direct impact)

A - Dislocation with avulsion GT

18
Q

Ant shoulder D/C

A

Forced Ext. rote and abduction

S - Gross deformity

B - # humeral head +/- glenoid

A - Antero-infer-medial displacement of
humeral head in relation to glenoid (subcoracoid)

19
Q

Post shoulder D/C

A

Posterior movement of internally rotated
arm

Electrocution

Seizure

S - Potentially nil

B - Light bulb

A - ‘Naked glenoid’ Joint incongruence

20
Q

ACJ D/C

A

FOOSH

Direct impact/fall tip shoulder

  • Diffuse ST swelling +/- deformity B - nil
    A - Widening of ACJ and CCJ
21
Q

Glenoid #

A

D/C

S - nil (on x-ray)

Considerable ST injury to glenoid labrum
(MR)

B - Anterior/posterior/inferior bone
fragment

A - nil (post reduction most useful)

22
Q

Foot avulsion #

A

Inversion

S – ST swelling lateral foot
B - # 5th MT Base (transverse)
A – nil
SS – Don’t confuse for apophysis

23
Q

Midfoot #-dislocation (Lisfranc injury)

A

High velocity trauma (e.g. MVC) Forced plantar flexion/axial load

S – ST swelling dorsum foot
B - # 2nd MT Base +/- others
A – Widening of 1st IMTJ
Divergent or homolateral MT displacement

24
Q

Calcaneal #

A

Axial loading/ Fall from height

S – ST swelling plantar aspect foot
B - # may be subtle (Boehler’s angle) Often intra-articular #’s
SS – Exclude L1 # -> ?

25
Q

Foot stress #

A

S – nil
B – often nil
A - nil
SS – periosteal reaction MT shaft

26
Q

Isolated fibular #

A

Direct impact Equivalent to defence # of the ulna

S - Localised ST swelling
B - Transverse (or gently oblique) # Undisplaced
+/- butterfly fragment
A - Nil

27
Q

Paired #’s Lower leg

A

Twisting injury Direct Impact

S - Localised ST swelling
Limb deformity
B - Spiral # at different levels (twist) Transverse/oblique # at same level (direct) A - Nil

28
Q

Crush injury (lower Limb)

A

S - Extensive ST injury
Limb deformity Subcutaneous emphysema
B - Comminuted Compound (often)
A - Exclude associated joint disruption

29
Q

Toddler #

A

Fall
(Toes gripping the floor)

S - Localised ST swelling
B - Oblique/spiral # tibia Undisplaced

30
Q

Patella #

A

Direct trauma
Forceful quadriceps contraction

S - Localised ST swelling
Joint effusion or lipohaemarthrosis B - Transverse
Stellate
Avulsion

31
Q

Tibial plateau #

A

Axial compression Abduction/adduction

S - Localised ST swelling Lipohaemarthrosis
B - Uni-condylar Intra-articular
Exclude displacement or depression

32
Q

Avulsion # knee

A

Tension in one or more of the ligaments and tendons around the knee

S - Localised ST swelling
+/- joint effusion or lipohaemarthrosis B - Cortical avulsion fragments Origin/insertion

33
Q

Perthes disease

A

diopathic osteonecrosis proximal femoral epiphysis
Rare
Boys > Girls
Age 5-6 (ish)
Younger than slipped epiphysis

S - Joint effusion (Subtle. US better)
B - Reduction in size epiphysis
Crescent sign (subchondral) Increased density
Fragmentation

34
Q

Prox femur #

A

Fall

S - nil
B -Cortical break and lucent line or Subtle sclerotic band Undisplaced or grossly displaced

35
Q

Slipped upper/capital femoral epiphysis (SUFE/SCFE)

A

Chronic slip
Acute - sudden deceleration Hip +/- knee pain Bilateral common ‘Pickwickian’ Boy 11-14

S - Joint effusion
B - SH I Postero-medial slip femoral epiphysis ‘Narrowing’ of epiphysis

36
Q

Paget disease of bone

A

Unknown
Western predominance Men>women (slight) Osteoclast disease Pelvis/femur/skull spine Malignant dedifferentiation (rare)

S - nil
B - Enlargement of bones Cortical thickening Coarsened trabeculae A - Acetabular protrusion

37
Q

2 types of lesion pattern of destruction

A

geographic

Moth eaten/ premeative

38
Q

2 Types of zone of transition

A

narrow

Wide

39
Q

Host response

A

Cortical thinning / expansion

Periosteal reaction

Codman’s triangle

Methods 3 B (5 decks)

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