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Rad 316 > Skull Positions > Flashcards

Skull Positions Flashcards

1
Q

What do we call AP axial projection of the skull?

A

Towne method

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2
Q

Skull routine projections are

A

AP axial town method
Lateral
PA axial 15° Coldwell method
PA axial 25 to 30
PA

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3
Q

Clinical indication of town Method skull

A

Skull fracture, neoplastic process paget disease

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4
Q

Image receptor is going to be portrait or landscape in a town method

A

Portrait

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5
Q

If patient unable to flex the neck in town method, which line should we align?

A

Infra orbit meatal line should be perpendicular to the image receptor

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6
Q

The vertex of the skull should be within the collimated feld in town Method

A

True

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7
Q

Where is the CR in town method?

A

6.5 cm above glabella be to pass through the foramen Magnum at the level of the base of the occiput

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8
Q

If we are going to be using IOML in town method we should angulate

A

37° cauded

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9
Q

What is the anatomy to be demonstrated on a skull town method?

A

Occipital bone petrous pyramid foreman magnum with Dorsam sellae and posterior clinoid

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10
Q

What indicate no rotation in towns skull method

A

Petrous ridges should be symmetric

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11
Q

Petrous ridge will appear….. in the direction of rotation

A

Narrow

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12
Q

What indicate correct central ray angle and proper flexing/extension?

A

Dorsam sellae and posterior clinoid visualise in the foreman Magnum

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13
Q

insufficient flexing of neck will be indicated by

A

Dorsam sellae superior to the Forman Magnum

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14
Q

Excessive neck flexing in a town method skull will indicated by

A

Posterior arch of C1 over dorsum sellae within foreman Magnum and forshortening of the dorsum sellae

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15
Q

Shifting of the interior or posterior Cloyd process laterally within the foreman magnum indicate

A

Tilt

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16
Q

What is the trauma routine in lateral position of a skull?

A

We should use horizontal beam projection to obtain lateral perspective. It may demonstrate air fluid level within the sphenoid sinuses which could be a sign of a basal skull fracture if intra cranial bleeding occur.

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17
Q

What is the image receptor position in a lateral skull projection?

A

Landscape

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18
Q

The mid sagittal plane would be…… in a lateral skull projection

A

Parallel

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19
Q

The IPL….. in a lateral position of skull

A

Perpendicular

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20
Q

What is the centrepoint in a lateral skull projection?

A

5 cm superior to the EAM halfway between the glabella and the inion

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21
Q

A patient with a broad chest may require a reducent sponge under…

A

Entire head to prevent tilt

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22
Q

…….. may require support under entire upper thorax

A

Thin patient

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23
Q

What is the anatomy to be demonstrated on a lateral skull projection?

A

Entire cranium and superimpose parietal bone entire sella turcica including anterior and posterior clinoid process and dorsum sella Clivus are demonstrated

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24
Q

Rotation in a lateral skull projection is demonstrated by

A

Anterior and posterior separation of symmetric vertical bilateral structure such as mandibular Ramy and greater wings of the sphenoid

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25
Q

Tilt in lateral skull projection would be evidenced by

A

Superior and inferior separation of symmetric horizontal structure such as orbital roof and greater wing of sphenoid

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26
Q

Clinical indication of Caldwell method skull are

A

Skull fracture, neoplastic process paget disease

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27
Q

Image receptor position in a Caldwell method is

A

Portrait

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28
Q

We should align the MSP perpendicular to midline to prevent ……..in Coldwell method

A

Head rotation or tilt

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29
Q

The central Ray will exit…. In a Coldwell skull method.

A

15 cauded to Nasion

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30
Q

When do we use alternative 25° to 30° central rate in skull Coldwell method?

A

visualisation of superior orbital fissure
foreman rotundum
inferior orbital rim

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31
Q

In Caldwell call method we should increase Neck flexing to demonstrate

A

Petrous pyramids to lower third of the orbits

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32
Q

Anatomy to be demonstrated in Caldwell method

A

Frontal bone greater and lesser sphenoid wing superior orbital fissure
frontal amd anterior ethmoid sinuses super orbital margin crista galli

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33
Q

No rotation in Caldwell skull method is indicated by
No tilt as indicated by

A

Equal distance from midlateral orbit to lateral cortex
MSP perpendicular to image receptor

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34
Q

What indicate correct extension of the neck in skull Coldwell method?

A

OML alignment

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35
Q

Coldwell skull method: If the distance between the right lateral orbit and lateral cranial cortex is greater than the left side than the face is rotated toward

A

Left side

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36
Q

If we used 15° coded angle in Coldwell method, the petrous prymids or projected in

A

Lower one third of orbit, super orbit and margin is visualised without superposition

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37
Q

If you use 25° to 30° cold well method skull projection where is the petrous pyramid projection?

A

Below the IOM visualising the entire orbital margin

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38
Q

A projection that is intended to demonstrate frontal bone with minimum distortion

A

PA skull projection

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39
Q

Where is CR exit in PA skull projection

A

Glabella

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40
Q

What are the anatomy to be demonstrated on an PA projection of skull?

A

Frontal bone internal auditory canals
crista galli frontal anterior ethmoid sinuses petrous ridge greater and lesser wing of sphenoid dorsum sellae

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41
Q

PA skull :Posterior and anterior clinoid are visualised…… to ethmois sinuses?

A

Superior

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42
Q

In PA skull the petrous ridge are at the level of

A

Super orbital margin

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43
Q

Is the SMV considered a special projection?
What are the clinical indication of SMV?
Image receptor is going to be ?
Hyper extend the neck until …
The mid sagittal plane would be
What should we do if the patient is unable to extend the neck sufficiently
, what are you anatomy to be demonstrated?
Correct extension is indicated by
No rotation is indicated by
no tilt is indicated by

A

This projection is for pathology of the inner temporal bone or possible basal skull fracture
Images receptor is portrait
Until the IOML is parallel with IR
MSP perpendicular
Compensate by angling the CR
Foreman Ovale and spinosum sphenoid and posterior ethmois sinuses mastoid process pitrous ridge hard plate foramen magnum and Occipital bone
Correct extension is indicated by the mentum anterior ethmoid
No rotation: MSP parallel to IR
No tilt: Equal distance from Ramus to lateral cortex

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44
Q

In SMV skull, if the distance on the left side between the ramus and lateral cranium is greater on the left than the right it means

A

Tilit to left

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45
Q

HAAS method is alternative for

A

Town method

46
Q

Result in magnification of occipital area but lower dose to facial structure and thyroid gland

A

HAAS method

47
Q

CR to PA axial projection
Exits at

A

25° cephaled
4cm above nasion

48
Q

Facial bone routine projections

A

Lateral
Water method
Caldwell method

49
Q

Orbits and mandibula or part of clinical indication exam of facial bone

A

True

50
Q

Image receptor is

A

Portrait

51
Q

Lateral facial :Describe CR point centrepoint

A

To zygoma midway between Outer canthus and EAM

52
Q

Clinical indication of water method facial bone

A

Fracture such as tripod and le fort fracture or foreign bodies in the eyes

53
Q

What line should be perpendicular to the image receptor in paritoacnthial facial projection?

A

MML

54
Q

Waters method facial born When you bring the MML line perpendicular, it will create a…. Between the OML to table.

A

37

55
Q

IOM ,maxilla Nasal septum zygomatic bone zygomatic art anterior nasal spine will be demonstrated in waters method facial bone

A

True

56
Q

Correct Nick extension of facial bone waters method will be indicated by

A

petrous ridges inferior to maxillary sinuses

57
Q

What is method facial :No patient rotation exist indicated by equal distance from midlateral orbit margin to lateral cortex of cranium on each side

A

True

58
Q

Caldwell method facial bone CR is

A

15° caudel exiting nasion

59
Q

In Caldwell method facial bone if we want to see orbital floor, how many angle should we do?

A

30 cauded to project the petrous ridges below IOM central will exit level of mid orbit

60
Q

Clinical indication of modified waters method facial bone

A

To visualise blowout fracture or foreign bodies in eye

61
Q

What line should we adjust in modified water facial bone?

A

LML perpendicular to IR

62
Q

In modified waters method OML would form a….. in relation to IR

A

55 angle

63
Q

Which projection provide a less distorted view of orbital rim

A

Modified waters method

64
Q

Modified water facial method Correct position is indicated by

A

Petrous ridges project into lower half of maxillary sinuses

65
Q

Protein projection for nasal bone

A

Lateral
Waters method

66
Q

Protein projection for nasal bone

A

Lateral
Waters method

67
Q

Why do we image both sides of nasal bone?

A

For comparison

68
Q

Why do we image both sides of nasal bone?

A

For comparison

69
Q

Image receptor is….. in nasal bone

A

Landscape

70
Q

The CR in lateral nasal bone would be

A

1.2cm below nasion

71
Q

The CR in lateral nasal bone would be

A

1.25 cm below nasion

72
Q

Fracture or displacement of nasal bone is best demonstrated on

A

Superior inferior tangential projection

73
Q

Fracture or displacement of nasal bone is best demonstrated on

A

Superior inferior tangential projection

74
Q

Images of receptor is landscape on superior inferior tangent projection

A

True

75
Q

In superior inferior tangent nasal projection central point is in

A

Nasion

76
Q

In superior inferior tangent projection of nasal bone, no rotation is indicated by
Excessive extension of the neck would be indicated by

A

Equal distance from anterior nasal spine to outer soft borders
Visualisation of Alveolar ridges

77
Q

Routine projection for zygomatic arch
IR is

A

SMV
Oblique inferior superior tangent
Modified town method
Landscape

78
Q

Correct CR/IOML relationship is indicated by in SMV zygomatic arch projection

A

Superposition of mandibular synthesis on frontal bone
No rotation indicated by zygomatic arch symmetry

79
Q

Projection that is useful for depressed zygomatic fracture

A

Oblique inferior superior tangent projection

80
Q

How much degree do we rotate we head And tilted chin to the area of interest?oblique zygomatic arch

A

‘15

81
Q

Image receptor is going to be….. in modified town method of zygomatic arch

A

Landscape

82
Q

Amount of central regulation in modified town method zaygomatic arch

A

30 to 37° caudad
2.5 superior to nasion

83
Q

Clinical indication of rhese method

A

Bone abnormality of optic foreman lateral margin of orbit and foreign body we take radiography of both side to compare ct is preferred modality

84
Q

routein projection of optic foreman

A

Parieto orbital and waters method

85
Q

Image receptor is in rhese method

A

Landscape

86
Q

Rheses methos:AML perpendicular to adjust flexing and extension
Head rotation is …..
What is angle between MSP and IR?
What is the angle from CR to MSP?

A

37°
53 angle
37° angle

87
Q

Accurate position of optic foreman is indicated by

A

Optic foreman projected into lower outer quadrant of orbit

88
Q

Mandibula:axiolater or axiolateral oblique
Correct central ray indicated by is indicated by
Correct rotation is indicated by

A

For the ramus and the body, the ramus is demonstrated with no superposition indicating correct CR angulation Ramies and body demonstrated without four shortening indicating correct rotation of head

89
Q

PA or PA axial mandible:
PA best demonstrate
PA AXIAL best demonstrate :
CR exit in PA /PA axial

A

The body
The Ramies and condyloid process
The lips /acanthion

90
Q

Mandible
ROUTINE:

A

Axi lat ral blique

PA ( r PA axial)

AP axial towne

91
Q

Mandible
ROUTINE:

A

Axi lat ral blique

PA ( r PA axial)

AP axial towne

92
Q

AP AXIAL P ROJECTION: MANDIBLE towne method
CR

If area of interest is the TM fossae, CR angle

A

35 to 42
2.5cm superior to glabella.
49

93
Q

TOWNE METHOD mandibles no rotation

A

No rotaton:

condyloid processes visualized
symmetrically

94
Q

SMV ROJECTION: MANDIBLE
No rotatin
No tilit

A

no tilt as evidenced by equal distance rom
mandible to lateral border of skull

no rotation as evidenced
by symmetric mandibular condyles.

95
Q

Used as an adjuvant be ore bone marrow
transplants

A

OPG

96
Q

OPG: The occlusal plane (plane o biting sur ace o teeth)
declines 10° rom posterior to anterior

A

True

97
Q

In OPG: TMJs are o interest, a second panoramic image is taken with
the mouth …

A

Open

98
Q

OPG correct patient position

A

Correct positioning o
the patient is indicated by the ollowing: mandibular symphysis
projected slightly below the mandibular angles; mandible oval
in shape; occlusal plane parallel with the long axis o the image;
upper and lower teeth positioned slightly apart with n
sup rimp siti n; cervical spine demonstrated with n
sup rimp siti n o the TMJs.

99
Q

TMJs
ROUTINE

A

AP axial modified twone method

100
Q

Cp of AP axial TMJ

A

7.5 cm superior to the nasion

101
Q

Another name for MODIFIED LAW METHOD

A

AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE P ROJECTION

102
Q

Prevent tilt by maintaining in law method by

A

maintaining IPL perpendicular to IR. MSP is paral-
lel to IR to start

103
Q

In LAW method
Angle is …..
15 rotation prevent

A

15° cauded , centered to (4 cm) superior
to upside eAM

with ut sup rimp siti n o opposite
TMJ (15° rotation prevents superimposition

104
Q

SCHULLER METHOD
AXIOLATERAL PROJECTION
Angle is

A

25° t 30° cau a , centered to 1
2 inch (1.3 cm)
anterior and 2 inches (5 cm) superior to upside EAM.

105
Q

What projection:TMJs are demonstrated without rotation as
evidenced by superimposed lateral margins

A

SCHULLER METHOD

106
Q

Sinuses
ROUTINE

A

• lateral
• PA (Caldwell
m th )
• Pari t acanthial
(Wat rs m th )

107
Q

To visualize air- fluid levels

A

erect position with a horizontal beam
is required. Fluid within the paranasal sinus cavities is thick and gelatinous,
causing it to cling to the cavity walls. To visualize this uid, allow a short
time (at least 5 minutes) or the uid to settle

108
Q

Caldwell sinuses :

elevate OML 15° fr m h riz n-
tal will …

A

projects petrous ridges into lower
one-third o orbits

109
Q

What sinuses projection Maxillary sinuses with the in ferior
aspect visualized ree rom superimposing alveolar processes
and petrous ridges, the in erior orbital rim, and an oblique
view o the rontal sinuses

A

Waters method

110
Q

Sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid
sinuses, nasal ossae, and maxillary sinuses are demonstrated

A

SMV

111
Q

Good alternative to demonstrate the sphe-
noid sinuses or patients who cannot per orm the
submentovertex (SMV) position

A

OPEN-MOUTH WATERS METHOD

112
Q

OPEN-MOUTH WATERS METHOD
No Rotation of the cranium is indicated by

A

equal distance rom the MSP (identif ed by the
bony nasal septum) to the lateral orbital margin on both
sides; equal distance rom the lateral orbital margin to the
lateral cortex o the cranium on both sides; accurate extension
o the neck demonstrating petrous ridges just in erior to the
maxillary sinuses

Rad 316 (3 decks)

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