Skull Overview Flashcards
What are the cranial bones?
Ethmoid (unpaired), Frontal (unpaired), Occipital (unpaired), Parietal (paired), Sphenoid (unpaired), Temporal (paired)
what are the facial bones?
inferior nasal concha (paired), lacrimal (paired), mandible (unpaired), maxilla (paired), nasal (paired), palatine (paired), vomer (unpaired), zygomatic (paired)
which is more medial, the lacrimal bone or gland?
lacrimal bone
Name the sutures of the skull
coronal- btwn frontal and parietal bones
sagittal- btwn two parietal bones
lambdoidal- btwn parietal and occipital bones
metopic- remnant of the frontal suture
name the craniometric landmarks?
bregma- sagittal and coronal sutures meet
lambda- sagittal and lambdoid sutures
nasion- frontonasal and internasal sutures meet
vertex- the most superior point of the calvaria which is near the midpoint of the sagittal suture
pterion- several sutures form an “H” junction where the frontal, parietal, temple, and sphenoid bones meet.
the pterion overlies the course of what?
middle meningeal artery
what are the 6 frontal bony landmarks?
glabella- the most anterior projecting part of the forehead
supraorbital margin- separate the squamous and orbital portion of the frontal bone
piriform aperture- the anterior nasal opening
nasal septurm/nasal concha-
nasal spine (nasal bones)/anterior nasal spine (maxilla bones)
mental protuberance- trianglular bony elevation inferior to the mental symphysis
what are the foramina in the frontal aspect of the cranium?
supraorbital foramen infraorbital foramen mental foramen zygomaticofacial foramen optic canal superior orbital fissure inferior orbital fissure nasolacrimal canal
what are the bony landmarks on the lateral aspect of the cranium?
temporal fossa- temporalis m.= chewing
zygomatic arch- union of zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
mastoid process- one of the origins for sternocleidomastoid m.
styloid process
what are the foramina of the lateral aspect of the cranium?
external acoustic meatus
pterygomaxillary fissure
sphenopalatine foramen
what are the bony landmarks of the posterior aspect of the cranium?
external occipital protuberance
inion- the most prominence point of the external occipital pertuberance
superior nuchal line - the most superior limit of the neck
what are the bony landmarks of the ventral aspect of the cranium?
hard palate- formed by maxilla and palatine bones
posterior nasal spine
medial and lateral pterygoid plates- mm. attachement of chewing mm.
scaphoid fossa- origin for tensor velli palatini m.
pterygoid hamulus- This and the scaphoid fossa form the soft palate
styloid process
occipital condyle- articulate with 1st vertebrate
mastoid process- one of the origins for sternocleidomastoid m.
mastoid notch- the origin for the posterior belly of the digastric
what are the foramina of the ventral aspect of the cranium?
incisive foramen greater palatine foramen lesser palatine foramen choana- posterior nasal aperture foramen lacerum foramen ovale foramen spinosum carotid canal- where internal carotid a. enters the cranium jugular foramen stylomastoid foramen- where the facial n. exits the cranium petrotympanic fissure foramen magnum
what are the 3 fossas of the internal aspect of the cranium?
anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa
what are the bony landmarks of the anterior cranial fossa?
frontal crest
crista galli- ethmoid bone –> pointy structure
cribiform plates- on either side of ethmoid bone
