Skull, meninges, blood supply and CSF Flashcards
Broca’s area is involved with what?
a. memory
b. understanding speech
c. language production
d. touch sensation
c. language production
What is the frontal lobe involved in?
3 areas
Motor control: premotor cortex
Problem solving: prefrontal cortex
Speech production: Broca’s area
What is the temporal lobe involved in?
- Auditory processing (hearing)
- Language comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
- Memory and information retrieval
What is the cerebellum involved in?
a. memory
b. vision
c. balance and co-ordination
d. touch perception
c - balance and co-ordination
What is the occipital lobe involved in?
a. sight and visual reception and interpretation
b. touch perception
c. language comprehension
a. sight and visual reception and interpretation
What is the parietal lobe associated with?
Touch perception (somatosensory cortex), body orientation and sensory discrimination
The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by which structure?
a. post central gyrus
b. central sulcus
c. longitudinal fissure
b. central sulcus
The hippocampus is involved in what?
a. touch perception
b. long term memory
c. motivational stimuli
d. fight or flight response
b. long term memory
The amygdala is involved in what?
a. vision
b. balance
c. co-ordination
d. motivational stimuli related to reward and fear
d - motivational stimuli related to reward and fear
What does the longitudinal fissure separate?
Left and right hemispheres
What does the corpus callosum do?
Large bundle of white matter which connects the 2 hemispheres
Which part of the hindbrain contains major centres that regulate autonomic function such as BP, digestion, HR?
a. cerebellum
b. pons
c. medulla oblongata
c. medulla oblongata
White matter is formed by collections of
a. axons
b. cell bodies
a. axons (myelin makes it appear white)
Grey matter is formed by
a. axons
b. neuronal cell bodies
b. neuronal cell bodies
What is the difference between association fibres, commisural fibres and projection fibres?
- Association fibres: stay restricted in 1 hemisphere of the brain - they do not pass into another hemisphere or out of the brain stem
- Commisural fibres: corpus callosum which run fibres from one hemisphere to the other
- Projection fibres: run fibres up and down from forebrain to midbrain and hind brain and vice versa. Biggest system of projection fibres is the internal capsule.
What are the three layers of the meninges (in order from outer to inner)
a. arachnoid mater, pia, dura
b. dura, arachnoid, pia
c. pia, arachnoid, dura
b. dura, arachnoid, pia
Where is the falx cerebri found?
Dural fold found between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure
Where is the tentorium cerebelli found?
Separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum
Where is the falx cerebelli found?
Dividing the 2 cerebellar hemispheres along the midsagittal line inferior to the tentorium cerebelli
In general, the blood-brain-barrier is permeable to
a. lipid soluble compounds
b. water
a. lipid soluble compounds (CO2, O2, ammonia, lipids - steroids, prostaglandins, small alcohols)
Water and ions must pass through channels.
The arterial blood supply to the brain comes from which arteries?
a. internal carotid and vertebral
b. external carotid and vertebral
c. basilar and internal carotid
a. internal carotid and vertebral
80% internal carotid - supplying superior and middle parts of the cerebral hemispheres
20% vertebral - supplying the posterior cerebrum and posterior cranial fossa
Where does the venous blood from the brain drain into?
Dural sinuses to the internal jugular vein
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate into internal and external carotid?
a. C5
b. C3
c. C4
d. C2
c. C4
At the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4), the carotid arteries split into the external and internal carotid arteries. This bifurcation occurs in an anatomical area known as the carotid triangle.
The vertebral arteries arise from which artery?
a. internal carotid
b. external carotid
c. subclavian artery
d. brachiocephalic trunk
c. subclavian artery
The vertebral arteries join to form what artery?
a. basilar
b. middle cerebral
c. anterior cerebral
d. posterior cerebral
a. basilar artery
Where is CSF made?
Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles
What part of the meninges fuse with the endothelial cells to make the blood brain barrier?
Pia
Which 2 arteries provide blood supply to the brain?
Internal carotid (80% supplying middle and anterior parts of the cerebral hemispheres) and vertebral arteries (20% supplying the posterior cerebrum)
The rupturing of a berry aneurysm can lead to what type of haemorrhage?
a. subdural haemorrhage
b. subarachnoid
c. extradural
subarachnoid haemorrhage
Which artery is the most commonly affected by berry aneurysms in the circle of willis?
- posterior communicating arteries
- anterior communicating arteries
- middle cerebral artery
anterior communicating artery which lies in the subarachnoid space
Which haemorrhage strips the dura from the bone and compresses the brain, typically occurring after head injury?
- subarachnoid
- subdural
- extra dural
- all three
extra dural
Which haemorrhage would appear as crescent shaped on CT head and typically occurs after a high impact injury which tears bridging veins?
- subarachnoid
- extradural
- subdural
- subdural
Which haemorrhage typically occurs following rupture of a berry aneurysm and causes a ‘thunder clap’ headache?
subarachnoid haemorrhage
Meningism is a triad of what 3 symptoms?
a. headache, vision disturbance and stiff neck
b. headache, stiff neck and phonophobia
c. headache, stiff neck and photophobia
c - headache, stiff neck and photophobia
If there is a blockage of CSF flow into the ventricles or into the subarachnoid space, what condition can occur?
Hydrocephalus
