Christmas Exam Questions Quiz Flashcards
Name all the Cranial Nerves
I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Adbucens VII - Facial VIII - Vestibulocochlear IX - Glossopharangeal X - Vagus XI - Spinal Accessory XII - Hypoglossal
What structures are innervated by the cranial nerves?
CNI - Olfactory
- Olfactory epithelium
CNII - Optic
- Orbit of the eye
CNIII - oculomotor
- All muscles of eye movement except lateral rectus and superior oblique
CNIV - Trochlear
- Motor eye movement (superior oblique muscle)
CNV - Trigeminal
- Sensation to the face, nose, oral cavity
- Sensory anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Motor to muscles of mastication
CNVI - Abducens
- Eye movement - lateral rectus - turns eye laterally
CNVII - Facial
- Provide special sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression
- Parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands.
CNVIII - Vestibulocochlear
- Sensory - hearing and balance
CNIX - Glossopharyngeal
- General sens and taste to post 1/3 of tongue
- Autonomic innervation to parotid gland
CNX - Vagus
- Vocalisation and swallowing
- Autonomic, motor and sensory to thoracic, and abdominal organs
CNXI - Accessory
- Shoulder shrug & turning head
CNXII - Hypoglossal
- Movements of the tongue
Exit point from the skull for all cranial nerves?
CNI - Cribiform plate CNII - Optic canal CNIII - Superior orbital fissure CNIV - Superior orbital fissue CNV - V1 (Superior orbital fissure) - V2 (Foramen rotundum) - V3 (Foramen Ovale) CNVI - Superior orbital fissure CNVII - Internal acoustic meatus CNVIII - Internal acoustic meatus CNIX - Jugular foramen CNX - Jugular foramen CN XI - Jugular foramen CN XII - Hypoglossal canal
How is the gut divided?
What is the blood supply to these areas?
What is the nerve supply to these areas?
Where is pain referred to from these areas?
Foregut - coeliac trunk (T12-L1)
Midgut - superior mesenteric artery (L1)
Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery (L3)
Foregut - greater splanchnic nerve
Midgut - lesser splanchnic nerve
Hindgut - least splanchnic nerve
Foregut - epigastrium
Midgut - umbilical
Hindgut - suprapubic
Where does venous blood from the gut drain to?
Superior and inferior mesenteric veins -> joined by splenic vein to form portal vein.
What does retroperitoneal mean?
Organ is only surrounded by peritoneum on the anterior surface.
Name 4 structures which are retroperitoneal
- Duodenum (except proximal 2cm)
- Ascending and descending colon
- Pancreas
- First part of the rectum
- Supra-adrenal glands
- Ureters
- Kidneys
Describe the circulation of the blood through the heart starting at the right atrium.
Blood enters through superior and inferior vena cava into right atrium
right atrium -> right ventricle through tricuspid valve
right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk -> right and left pulmonary arteries -> lungs
Blood returns through pulmonary veins (4) -> left atrium
left atrium -> left ventricle through mitral valve
left ventricle -> aortic valve to aorta -> body.
What is the largest lymphatic drainage duct in the body?
What area does it drain?
Where does it join the vascular system?
Thoracic duct
Drains everywhere except RUQ of the body which is drained by the right lymphatic duct.
Joins vascular system at the confluence between left subclavian and internal jugular vein.
What are the surface markings of the borders of the lungs? (anterior, mid-axillary and post)
Anterior - mid-clavicular line 6th rib
Mid-axillary line 8th rib
Posteriorly 10th rib
What are the lobes and fissures of the right lung?
Superior, middle and. inferior lobe
Horizontal and oblique fissures
