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Artritis > Skull and Face Trauma > Flashcards

Skull and Face Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

CT scanning with or without…contrast is used in most ED to evaluate head
injury?

A

without

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2
Q

Basic radiographic views of the skull:

A
  • PA Caldwell
  • AP Towne
  • B/L laterals
  • PA Water’s
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3
Q

which view may assist in investigation of pathology of the paranasal
sinuses?

A

PA Water’s

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4
Q

80% of skull fractures

A

Linear skull fracture
(tends to
cross sutures)

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5
Q

Linear skull fracture M/C found in which bones?

A

parietal and temporal

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6
Q

both inner and outer table of the cranial bones are

involved

A

Linear skull fracture

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7
Q

Unlike suture lines, linear fractures will not show

A

serrated edges

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8
Q

considered an open fracture
(15% of
all skull fractures)

A

Depressed skull fracture

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9
Q

due to high energy impact, depressed skull fracture are almost always in

A

cranial vault bones

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10
Q

Best modality for Dx of depressed skull fracture?

A

CT scanning

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11
Q

If depressed fragments extend > ____ cm, neurosurgical referral is
crucial.

A

0,5-1

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12
Q

complications from depressed skull fracture

A
  • Epidural, subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Meningitis
  • Pneumocephalus & CSF leak
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13
Q

skull bones of a new born infant may fracture without

osseous and periosteal break, similar to “green stick” fracture

A

Ping-Pong (pond) skull fracture

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14
Q

may develop during labour or from

postnataly trauma

A

Ping-Pong fracture

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15
Q

continuous smooth inward indentation of the skull

calvaria

A

Ping-Pong fracture

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16
Q

diagnosis of sutural diastasis

A
  • at birth > 1-cm
  • age 2->3-mm
  • age 3->2-mm
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17
Q

pathology that may separate normal sutures:

A

• Raised
ICP/Hydrocephalus
• Neuroblastoma
• Leukemic and lymphoma cells infiltration

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18
Q

Often better identified clinically than radiographically

A

basilar fracture

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19
Q

Radiographic signs of _________ can be very subtle or not

seen at all

A

basilar fracture

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20
Q

Sphenoid and temporal bones may be involved in >75% cases with
complete or partial obscuration of the sphenoid sinus

A

basilar fracture

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21
Q

Tearing of the meninges is common

A

basilar fracture

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22
Q

CSF rhinorrhea and/or otorrhea, Battle sign and Raccoon

eyes sign can be observed in what fracture?

A

basilar fracture

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23
Q

basilar fracture has high probability of

A

intracranial hemorrhage and meningitis

24
Q

best modality for basilar fracture

A

CT scanning

25
Q

may develop rapidly with acute rise in

intracranial pressure,

A

Epidural (extradural) hematoma

26
Q

epidural hematoma involves what artery?

A

middle meningeal

27
Q

subdural hematoma involves what vasculature?

A

bridging veins

28
Q

Leptomeningeal cyst, also called a?

A

growing fracture

29
Q

growing fractures are most found in

A

pediatric skull < 3 years old

30
Q

Develops due to meningeal tear and interposition of leptomeninges
and CSF with or w/o cerebral parenchyma

A

Leptomeningeal cyst (growing fracture)

31
Q

Leptomeningeal cyst may lead to?

A

seizures, hydrocephalus, meningitis

32
Q

Most common of all facial bone fractures (>45%) and can be missed
d/t large regional swelling

A

nasal fracture

33
Q

nasal fracture aften present with what othe fracture?

A

blow-out (orbital)

34
Q

Conventional radiographs may show ___ sensitivity

A

80%
((lateral nasal
view)

35
Q

may lead to difficulty breathing nasally

A

Displaced fractures

36
Q

result of sudden impact to the globe

A

Blow-out fracture

37
Q

Most cases will result in infra-orbital fracture that will force orbital fat
and sometimes inferior rectus (IR) muscle into which sinus?

A 
maxillary sinus
(occasionally IR may be trapped-”trapped-door” fracture)
38
Q

50% of blow-out fractures may involve fracture of the

A

medial wall (lamina papyrecea)

39
Q

CT helps to exclude complications in blow-out fracture such as

A

optic nerve injury or trapped IR

muscle (trapped-door)

40
Q

Water’s skull view may show opacification of the

A

maxillary sinus

41
Q

2nd m/c facial fracture after nasal fracture

A

Tripod Fracture

42
Q

40% of mid face

fractures

A

Tripod Fracture

43
Q

m/c mechanism for Tripod Fracture is a blow to

A

malar region of the face

44
Q

Specific tripod fracture points:

A

1) zygomatic arch
2) orbital process of
zygomatic bone and superior-lateral maxillary sinus wall
3) maxillary
process of zygomatic bone

45
Q

Complications of tripod fracture?

A

trismus, trapped temporalis muscle, loss of sensory

distribution along maxillary (V2) nerve distribution

46
Q

Conventional radiographs for tripod fracture?

A

Water’s view (CT is better)

47
Q

Complex fracture of the mid face that potentially separates mid facial
structure from the skull base

A

LeFort Fracture

48
Q

to diagnose LeFort

fracture, Involvement of the _______ is essential

A

pterygoid plate

49
Q

horizontal maxillary fracture…. producing separation of the
upper teeth from the face, passing through the alveolar ridge,
lateral nose and inferior wall of maxillary sinus

A

LeFort 1

50
Q

pyramidal-shaped fracture…. with the upper teeth at the
base and the nasal-frontal suture at the apex, passing through
posterior alveolar ridge, lateral maxillary sinus wall, inferior orbit and
nasal bones

A

LeFort 2

51
Q

cranial-facial separation,….. fracture passing through nasalfrontal
suture, maxilla-frontal suture, orbital wall and zygomatic arch

A

LeFort 3

52
Q

Common facial fracture that in most cases due to assault

A

Mandibular Fractures

53
Q

thought to represent a ring of bone that is connected to

the base of the scull by the TMJ.

A

mandible

54
Q

Most mandibular fractures seem to be

A

unilateral (>45% cases)

55
Q

involved >30% and is considered one of

the most common location of mandibular fractures

A

Mandibular condyle

Artritis (7 decks)

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