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Anatomy Exam 2- Flashcards > Skull and Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What openings are in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

cribiform plate, foramen cecum, anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina

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2
Q

What openings are in the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • optic canal
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen avale
  • foramen spinosum
  • hiatus for greater & lesser petrosal nn
  • foramen lacerum
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3
Q

What openings are in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canal
  • foramen magnum
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4
Q

olfactory foramina?

A

CN I

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5
Q

Optic Canal?

A

CN II and Opthalmic artery

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6
Q

Superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI and opthalmic vein

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7
Q

Supraorbital Foramen?

A

CN V1

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8
Q

Inferior Orbital Fissure

A

CN V2 and opthalmic vein

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9
Q

foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

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10
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

CN V2

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11
Q

foramen ovale

A

CN V3
accessory meningeal artery
lesser petrosal nerve

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12
Q

mental foramen

A

CN V3

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13
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A
  • middle meningeal artery and vein

- meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

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14
Q

foramen lacerum

A

Greater petrosal nerve

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15
Q

carotid canal

A
  • internal carotid artery

- internal carotid plexus

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16
Q

Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

A
  • CN VII
  • CN VIII
  • labyrinthine Artery
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17
Q

stylomastoid foraman

A

CN VII

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18
Q

Jugular Foramen

A
  • inferior petrosal sinus
  • glossoparyngeal nerve (IX)
  • vagus nerve (X)
  • Accessory nerve (XI)
  • sigmoid sinus
  • posterior meningeal artery
  • internal jugular vein
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19
Q

foramen magnum

A
  • spinal roots of accessory nerve (XI)
    -spinal cord
    -vertebral and menningeal branches of vertebral arteries
  • spinal artieries
    -medulla oblongata meninges
    -
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20
Q

Hypoglossal Foramen

A

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

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21
Q

Pia mater

A

directly apposed to surface of brain

22
Q

What creates the subarachnoid space?

A

Arachnoid mater contains web-like extensions that extend to the pia, creating the subarachnoid space in which Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates and bathes the brain

23
Q

what are the layers of the dura mater?

A

tough outermost layer, with an internal meningeal sheet and an external periosteal sheet which is securely attached to inner aspect of calvaria

24
Q

what is the blood supply to the dura mater?

A

mostly, middle meningeal a.; some from ophthalmic, occipital, and vertebral aa.

25
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the dura mater?

A

mostly, CN V1-3; some from C2-3 via CN X and XII. (Can be a source of headaches.)

26
Q

what are dural folds formed from?

A

formed by meningeal sheet pulling away from periosteal sheet; support the brain within the cranial vault and create spaces for the venous sinuses

27
Q

what are the dural folds?

A

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

28
Q

name the venous sinuses.

A

superior & inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, superior & inferior petrosal, sigmoid, occipital, cavernous; confluens sinuum.

29
Q

what is the purpose of the venous sinuses?

A

a. These provide the venous drainage of the brain and communicate with the systemic venous circulation via the pterygoid and basilar plexuses of veins, and the superior & inferior ophthalmic vv.

30
Q

where are the cavernous sinuses located?

A

b. The cavernous sinuses are located on either side of the body of the sphenoid. Several cranial nn. and the internal carotid a. pass near or through them or within their walls: CN II, III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. They also lie near the pituitary gland.

31
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

(arachnoid villi) absorb CSF into venous system

32
Q

Extradural (epidural) hematoma

A

blood collects between the calvaria and the periosteal layer of the dura

33
Q

Subdural (dural border) hematoma

A

blood collects between the dura and the arachnoid

34
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

blood flows into the subarachnoid space and commingles with cerebrospinal fluid

35
Q

Comparative anatomy of Human Skull vs. Chimpanzee Skull

A
  1. brain size
    a. 3 times greater in man
    b. prolonged brain growth: to 7th year
    c. necessity of wider birth canal
  2. change from facial prognathism to orthognathism
  3. forward rotation of foramen magnum
  4. reduction of masticatory apparatus
  5. changes in dentition/dental arcade
36
Q

What comprises the Neurocranium (braincase)

A

Frontal (2, normally fused into 1 in adult)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1; fused from 4 parts: 1 supra-, 2 ex-, and 1 basioccipital)
Temporal (2) (comprise squamous, petromastoid, and tympanic portions, besides zygomatic and styloid processes; enclose auditory ossicles; form joints with mandible = “TMJ”)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

37
Q

What comprises the Viscerocranium?

A 
Maxilla (2)  [incorporates fused premaxilla (= intermaxilla) on each side]
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2) 
Lacrimal (2)
Nasal (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
38
Q

What are the Auditory Ossicles?

A

Malleus (2)
Incus (2)
Stapes (2)
NOTE: malleus (= reptilian articular) and incus (= reptilian quadrate) formed primitive craniomandibular joint (“CMJ”); supplemented and finally replaced by squamosal-dentary joint (mammalian “TMJ”).

39
Q

Mandible?

A

Dentary (2, fused into 1)

40
Q

what are the modes of bone development in the skull?

A
  • intramembranous ossification (formed in membrane = dermal bone )
  • endochondral ossification (formed in cartilage)
41
Q

what bones are chondocranium of the neurocranium?

A

Ethmoid, inferior nasal choncha

42
Q

what bones are both Chondro & dermatocranium of the neurocranium

A

occipital

43
Q

what bones are dermatocranium of the neurocranium

A

frontal, parietal

44
Q

which bones are both chondro & dermatocranium of both neuro and viscerocranium

A

temporal and sphenoid

45
Q

which bones are chondrocranium of the viscerocranium

A

malleus, incus, stapes

46
Q

which bones are both chondro and dermatocranium of viscerocranium

A

mandible

47
Q

dermatocranium of the viscerocranium

A

maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer

48
Q

Acrania, anencephaly (cranioschisis, craniorrhachischisis)

A

failure of development of skull and brain; failure of closure of skull and spinal column

49
Q

Craniostenosis (= craniosynostosis)

A
  1. scaphocephaly [sagittal suture]
  2. acrocephaly (= tower skull) [coronal suture]
  3. plagiocephaly [lambdoid and coronal sutures on one side]
  4. microcephaly
50
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Anterior boundary: Frontal bone

Posterior boundary: Lesser wing of sphenoid

51
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Anterior boundary: Lesser wing of sphenoid

Posterior boundary: Apex of petrous part of temporal bone

52
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Anterior boundary: Apex of petrous part of temporal bone

Posterior boundary: occipital bone

Anatomy Exam 2- Flashcards (5 decks)

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