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Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeleton of the head

A

Cranium (skull)

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2
Q

The cranium consists of two parts:

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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3
Q

The Neurocranium is divided into two parts:

A

Calvaria (skullcap) and cranial base (floor of skull)

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4
Q

The neurocranium is formed by ___ (#) bones

A

8 bones, 4 singular bones located on the midline (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital) and 2 sets occurring as bilateral pairs (temporal and parietal)

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5
Q

The viscerocranium form the ____ part of the cranium and consists of ___ (#) irregular bones

A

Anterior, 14 (2 singular bones lying in the midline (vomer and mandible) and 6 paired occurring bilaterally (maxilla, inferior nasal concha, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal bones)

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6
Q

Forms the skeleton of the forehead, articulating with the nasal and zygomatic arches

A

Frontal bone

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7
Q

Forms the roof of the orbit and part of the floor of the anterior part of cranial cavity

A

Frontal bone

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8
Q

Intersection of the frontal and nasal bones

A

Nasion

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9
Q

Supra-orbital margin, Supra-orbital foramen, supercillary arch are located on the

A

Frontal bone

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10
Q

Smooth area between the supercillary arches

A

Glabella

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11
Q

Lie on inferolateral sides of the orbits and rest on the maxillae

A

Zygomatic bones

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12
Q

Pierces the lateral aspect of each bone

A

Zygomaticofacial foramen

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13
Q

Articulate with each other in the midline, with the frontal bone superiority

A

Nasal bones

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14
Q

Anterior nasal opening of the cranium

A

Piriform aperture

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15
Q

Formed by dividing nasal cavity into left and right parts

A

Nasal septum

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16
Q

Paired conchae visible through the nasal aperture

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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17
Q

Maxillae is united at the _____ _____ in themedian plane

A

Intermaxillary suture

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18
Q

Support bone for the maxillary teeth

A

Maxillae alveolar processes

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19
Q

Maxillae connects with zygomatic bones laterally and have _____________ ________ inferior to each orbit

A

Infra-orbital foramen

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20
Q

Laterally articulates with the zygomatic bone and medially articulates with the frontal bone

A

Maxillae

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21
Q

Forms the chin (horizontal portion)

A

Body of mandible

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22
Q

Vertical extension of the body on either side

A

Ramus of mandible

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23
Q

Articulation point of mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

A

Condyle

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24
Q

Anterior portion of the Ramus, site for muscle attachment on mandible

A

Coronoid process

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25
Q

Posterior point at which Ramus meets the body of the mandible

A

Angle

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26
Q

Between 1st and 2nd premolars

A

Mental foramen

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27
Q

Located on the medial aspect of mandibular Ramus

A

Mandibular foramen

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28
Q

This foramen permits passengers of the nerve involved with tooth sensation

A

Mandibular foramen

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29
Q

The region where the two halves of the mandible fuse

A

Mandibular symphysis

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30
Q

Passing from inferior of the Ramus onto the body of mandible

A

Oblique line

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31
Q

Superior and posterior boundaries of the temporal fossa

A

Superior and inferior temporal lines

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32
Q

Anterior border of temporal fossa

A

Frontal and zygomatic bones

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33
Q

Inferior boundary of temporal fossa

A

Zygomatic arch

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34
Q

Formed by the union of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process fo the temporal bone

A

Zygomatic arch

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35
Q

Large flat plate articulating with the greater wing of the sphenoid anteriorly, and with parietal bone superiorly

A

Squamous part of temporal bone

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36
Q

Anterior bony projection from the squamous part fo the temporal bone, which articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch

A

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

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37
Q

Below the origin of the zygomatic process

A

Tympanic part of temporal bone

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38
Q

Lies posteroinferior to the external acoustic process

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

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39
Q

Entrance to the external acoustic meatus, which leads to the tympanic membrane

A

External acoustic foramen

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40
Q

Slender projection of bone lies anteromedial to the mastoid process

A

Styloid process

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41
Q

Formed by joining the frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal suture

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42
Q

Formed by joining the parietal and occipital bones

A

Lambdoid suture

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43
Q

H shape formation of the sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones

A

Pterion

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44
Q

Thin bone that overlies the anterior division of the middle meningeal artery

A

Pterion

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45
Q

Formed by the occipital bone, parts of the parietal bones, and parts of the mastoid of the temporal bone

A

Occipital aspect of cranium (Norma Occipitalis)

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46
Q

Elevation in the median plane

A

External occipital protuberance (EOP)

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47
Q

Extends laterally from each side of EOP

A

Superior nuchal line

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48
Q

Less distinct, extending laterally from each side of EOP

A

Inferior nuchal line

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49
Q

Formed by the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures

50
Q

The superior aspect fo the cranium broadens posteriolaterally at the

A

Parietal eminences

51
Q

Landmark formed by the interaction fo the sagittal and coronal sutures

52
Q

The superior point of the cranium, near the midpoint of the sagittal suture

53
Q

Surrounds and supports the maxillary teeth

A

Alveolar arch of the maxilla

54
Q

Formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly

A

Hard palate

55
Q

These open on the oral aspect of the hard palate

A

Incisive fossa, lesser palatine foramen, greater palatine foramen

56
Q

Lies posterior to the central incisor

A

Incisive fossa

57
Q

Located on the posterolateral part of the hard palate

A

Lesser palatine

58
Q

Located posteriorly on the posterolateral part of the hard palate

A

Greater palatine foramen

59
Q

Posterior nasal apertures, which are separated from each other by the vomer

60
Q

Thin, flat bone that forms a part of the bony nasal septum

61
Q

Located between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones. Consisting of a body and 3 pairs of processes

A

Sphenoid bone

62
Q

The 3 paired processes of sphenoid bone

A

Greater wing of sphenoid, lesser wing of sphenoid, pterygoid processes

63
Q

External inferiorly on each side of the sphenoid from the junction of the body and greater wings, consisting of medial and lateral plates

A

Pterygoid processes

64
Q

Lies medial to the spine of the sphenoid, inferior to the junction of the greater wing of sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

65
Q

Depressions in the squamous part of the temporal bone accommodate the heads of the mandible

A

Mandibular fossae

66
Q

By which the cranium articulates with the vertebral column

A

Occipital condyles

67
Q

Located within the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

68
Q

Large opening between he occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Jugular foramen

69
Q

Anterior to the jugular foramen

A

Carotid canal

70
Q

Between styloid and mastoid processes

A

Stylomastoid foramen

71
Q

Formed by the frontal bone anteriorly, the ethmoid bone centrally, and the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid posteriorly

A

Anterior cranial fossa

72
Q

What are the 4 features of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Orbital plates of the frontal bone, frontal crest, Crista Gali, cribriform plate of the ethmoid

73
Q

Forms the roof of the orbits

A

Orbital plates of the frontal bone

74
Q

Median bony extension of the frontal bone

A

Frontal crest

75
Q

Median ridge of bone that projects superiorly from the ethmoid

A

Crista Gali

76
Q

On each side of the Crista Gali

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid

77
Q

Formed by the greater wings of the sphenoid, squamous parts of the temporal bones laterally, and petrous parts of the temporal bones posteriorly. Butterfly shaped

A

Middle cranial fossa

78
Q

8 features of the middle cranial fossa

A

sella turcica, superior border of petrous part of temporal bones, sphenoidal crests, foramen lacerum, superior orbital fissure, foramen roundup, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

79
Q

On the body of the sphenoid, surrounded by the anterior and posterior clinic processes

A

Sella turcica

80
Q

Form the lateral boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossae

A

Superior border of the petrous part fo the temporal bone

81
Q

Sharp posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bones, end medially by forming anterior clinoid processes.

A

Sphenoidal crests

82
Q

Lies posterolateral to the hypophysial fossa

A

Foramen lacerum

83
Q

Opening between the greater and lesser wings that communicates with the orbit

A

Superior orbital fissure

84
Q

Circular foramen located posterior to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure

A

Foramen rotundum

85
Q

Oval foramen located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum

A

Foramen ovale

86
Q

Located posterolateral to the foramen ovale

A

Foramen spinosum

87
Q

Largest and deepest cranial fossae

A

Posterior cranial fossa

88
Q

Marked incline behind the sella turcica which leads to the foramen magnum

89
Q

Begins posterior to the foramen magnum and ends superiorly in the internal occipital protuberance. It divides the posterior part of the fossa into 2 cerebrallar fossa

A

Internal occipital crest

90
Q

Form a broad groove that continues with the jugular foramen

A

Transverse and sigmoid sinuses

91
Q

Located anterosuperior to the jugular foramen

A

Internal acoustics meatus

92
Q

Lie superior to the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum

A

Hypoglossal canals

93
Q

These form a mobile chain of small bones across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

A

Auditory ossicles

94
Q

What 3 structures are involved in the auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

95
Q

Attaches to the tympanic membrane. Has a head that articulates with the incus, neck, and handle

96
Q

Located between the malleus and the stapes, articulating with both

97
Q

Smallest ossicle, attached to the margins of the oval window

98
Q

Has two pairs of horns

A

Hyoid. Bone

99
Q

Located at C3, between chin and thyroid cartilage

A

Hyoid bone

100
Q

Serves as an attachment for anterior neck muscles and keeping the airways open

A

Hyoid bone

101
Q

Central part of the hyoid bone, has an anterior convex surface and concave posterior surface

A

Body of hyoid

102
Q

Projects form each end of body in a post, sup, and lat, direction. Acts as site of attachment for multiple neck muscles

A

Greater horn

103
Q

Arises from superior aspect of hyoid bone, near origin of greater horn.

A

Lesser horn

104
Q

Stylodhoid ligament attaches to the apex of the lesser horn

A

Lesser horn

105
Q

Highest point of skull

106
Q

Junction of greater wing of sphenoid bone, squamous portion of the temporal bone, the frontal bone, and the parietal bone

107
Q

Most anterior part of the forehead, formed by inferior frontal bone and root of nose

108
Q

Most prominent part of the external occipital protuberance

109
Q

Cribriform formaina in cribriform plate contains

A

Olfactory nerves (CNI)

110
Q

Anterior and post ethmoidal formanina contains

A

Vessels and nerves with the same names as foramina

111
Q

Optic canals contain

A

Optic nerves (CN II) and opthalmic arteries

112
Q

Superior orbital fissure contains

A

Opthalmic veins, nerves (CN VI), CN III, IV, and VI, and sympathetic fibers

113
Q

Foramen rotundum contains

A

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

114
Q

Foramen ovale contains

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

115
Q

Foramen spinosum contains

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein and branch of CN V3

116
Q

Groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve contains

A

Greater petrosal nerve and branch of middle meningeal artery

117
Q

Foramen magnum contains

A

Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI

118
Q

Jugular foramen contains

A

CN IX, X, XI; inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

119
Q

Hypoglossal canal contains

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

120
Q

Stylomastoid foramen contains

A

Facial nerve (VII)

H/N Word Notes (3 decks)

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