Posterior Triangle of Neck

Question 1

organs located in the neck

Answer 1

larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

Question 2

skeleton of neck is formed by:

Answer 2

cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of the sternum, and clavicles

Question 3

hyoid bones lie in the ______ part of neck at the level of _______

Answer 3

anterior, C# vertebra

Question 4

structures in the neck are surrounded by ________ and are divided into different partitions by layers of ____________

Answer 4

superficial fascia, deep cervical fascia

Question 5

thin layer of CT that lies between the dermis of the skin and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 5

superficial cervical fascia

Question 6

contains cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels, superficial lymph nodes, and variable amounts of fat;

Answer 6

superficial cervical fascia

Question 7

anterolaterally, the deep cervical fascia contains the

Answer 7

platysma

Question 8

muscle of facial expression

Answer 8

platysma

Question 9

superior attachment of platysma

Answer 9

inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

Question 10

inferior attachment of platysma

Answer 10

fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Question 11

innervation of platysma

Answer 11

cervical branch of fascial nerve (CN VII)

Question 12

action of platysma

Answer 12

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched indicating tension

Question 13

contains 3 layers; investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral

Answer 13

deep cervical fascia

Question 14

functions of the 3 layers of Deep cervical fascia

Answer 14

support the viscera, muscles, vessels, and deep lymph nodes

Question 15

Provide the slipperiness that allows structures in the neck to move and pass over one another without difficulty;

Answer 15

layers of deep cervical fascia

Question 16

form natural cleavage planes, allowing separation of tissues during surgery

Answer 16

deep cervical fascia layers

Question 17

superficial layer of deep fascia, surrounding the entire neck deep to subcutaneous tissue

Answer 17

investing layer

Question 18

splits to enclose the SCM and trap muscle; and the parotid and submandibular glands

Answer 18

investing layer

Question 19

superior attachment of investing layer

Answer 19

superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid processes of the temporal bones, zygomatic arches, inf border of mandible, hyoid, and SP of the cervical vertebrae

Question 20

inf attachment of investing layer

Answer 20

manubrium of sternum, clavicles, acromions, and spines of scapulae

Question 21

post border of investing layer

Answer 21

continuous with C7 SP and the nuchal ligament

Question 22

lies between the two layers of investing fascia that enclose the SCM, one layer attaches to the ant and the other post surface of the manubrium,

Answer 22

suprasternal space of investing layer

Question 23

suprasternal space consists of

Answer 23

anterior jugular veins, jugular venous arch, fat, and a few deep lymph nodes

Question 24

layer limited to the anterior part of the neck

Answer 24

pretracheal layer

Question 25

extends inferiorly from the hyoid into the thorax, where it blends with the fibrous pericardium covering the heart

Answer 25

pretracheal layer

Question 26

includes a thin muscular part, which encloses the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 26

pretracheal layer

Question 27

includes a visceral part, which encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

Answer 27

pretracheal layer

Question 28

Is continuous post-sup with the buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 28

pretracheal layer

Question 29

the pretracheal layer blends laterally with

Answer 29

the carotid sheaths

Question 30

tubular fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck

Answer 30

carotid sheath

Question 31

blends anteriorly with the investing and pretracheal layers, posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fasica

Answer 31

carotid sheath

Question 32

contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 32

``` common and internal carotid arteries internal jugular vein (IJV) vagus nerve (CN X) some deep cervical lymph nodes carotid sinus nerve sympathetic nerve fibers ```

Question 33

communicates with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly (these create potential pathways for spread of infection)

Answer 33

carotid sheath

Question 34

forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it, (longus colli and longus capitis)

Answer 34

prevertebral layer

Question 35

layer of fascia is fixed to cranial base superiorly and fuses with the ALL centrally at T3

Answer 35

prevertebral layer

Question 36

extends laterally as the axillary sheath which surrounds the axillary vessels and brachial plexus

Answer 36

prevertebral layer

Question 37

largest and most clinically important interfascial space in the neck bc its major pathway for spread of infection

Answer 37

retropharyngeal space

Question 38

Inferiorly, the ______ is continuous with the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia.

Answer 38

buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 39

________ is closed superiorly by the base of the cranium and on each side by the carotid sheath. permitting movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing.

Answer 39

retropharyngeal space

Question 40

a thin layer fascia that crosses the retropharyngeal space and attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7 vertebra and extends laterally to blend with the carotid sheath.

Answer 40

alar fascia

Question 41

divides the neck into anterior and posterior traingles

Answer 41

SCM

Question 42

superior attachment for SCM

Answer 42

lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 43

inferior attachment for SCM (two heads)

Answer 43

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum | clvaicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Question 44

innervation of SCM

Answer 44

CN XII, C2 and C3 nerves

Question 45

actions of SCM

Answer 45

unilateral and bilateral contraction

Question 46

tilts head to same side (laterally flexes of the neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side.

Answer 46

unilateral contraction of SCM

Question 47

(1) extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints. | (2) flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium.

Answer 47

bilateral contraction of SCM

Question 48

superior attachment of trap

Answer 48

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 49

inferior attachment of trap

Answer 49

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum | clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Question 50

innervation of trap

Answer 50

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) C2 and C3 nerves

Question 51

action of trap

Answer 51

elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

Question 52

if an infection in the neck occurs between the investing layer and the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection...

Answer 52

usually does not spread beyond the superior edge of the maubrium

Question 53

if an infection in the neck occurs between the investing fascia and then visceral part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection...

Answer 53

can spread to into the thoracic cavity

Question 54

abscess posterior to the prevertebral layer may form

Answer 54

a swelling posterior to the SCM

Question 55

abscess perforating the prevertebral layer and enter the retropharygneal space will

Answer 55

produce a bulge in the pharynx, causing difficulty swallowing

Question 56

contraction of the cervical muscles that produces a twisting of the neck and slanting of the head

Answer 56

torticollis

Question 57

results from a fibrous tissue tumor that develops in the SCM before or shortly after birth

Answer 57

congenital torticollis

Question 58

due to tearing of SCM fibers that may result in a hematoma that may develop into a fibrous mass

Answer 58

muscular torticollis

Question 59

neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing head to twist or turn to one side

Answer 59

spasmodic torticollis

Question 60

ant boundary of post triangle

Answer 60

posterior border of SCM

Question 61

post boundary of post triangle

Answer 61

anterior border of the trap

Question 62

inf boundary of post triangle

Answer 62

middle third of the clavicle between the trap and the SCM

Question 63

Apex of post triangle

Answer 63

where the SCM and trap meet on the sup nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 64

floor of post triangle

Answer 64

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene

Question 65

the posterior triangle is divided into a larger _______ superiorly and a smaller ______ inferiorly by the _______

Answer 65

occipital triangle, omoclavicular triangle, inferior belly of the omohyoid

Question 66

passes deep to the SCM, supplying it then exit at the junction of the superior and middle thirds of the posterior border of the SCM

Answer 66

spinal accessory nerve

Question 67

passes posteroinferiorly, within or deep to the investing layer of deep cervical fascia, running on the levator scapulae.

Answer 67

spinal accessory nerve

Question 68

these will exit between the anterior and the middle scalene muscles

Answer 68

roots of brachial plexus

Question 69

It arises from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, runs across the posterior triangle to supply the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Answer 69

suprascapular nerve

Question 70

It divides into superficial and deep branches: The superficial branches of the plexus that initially pass posteriorly are cutaneous branches. The deep branches passing anteromedially are motor branches including the roots of the phrnic nerve and the ansa vervicalis

Answer 70

cervical plexus

Question 71

emerge around the middle of the posterior border of the SCM, often called the nerve point of the neck, and supply the skin of the neck, superolateral thoracic wall, and the scalp between the auricle and the external occipital protuberance

Answer 71

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus