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H/N Word Notes > Posterior Triangle of Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle of Neck Flashcards

word notes

1
Q

organs located in the neck

A

larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

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2
Q

skeleton of neck is formed by:

A

cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of the sternum, and clavicles

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3
Q

hyoid bones lie in the ______ part of neck at the level of _______

A

anterior, C# vertebra

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4
Q

structures in the neck are surrounded by ________ and are divided into different partitions by layers of ____________

A

superficial fascia, deep cervical fascia

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5
Q

thin layer of CT that lies between the dermis of the skin and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

superficial cervical fascia

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6
Q

contains cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels, superficial lymph nodes, and variable amounts of fat;

A

superficial cervical fascia

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7
Q

anterolaterally, the deep cervical fascia contains the

A

platysma

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8
Q

muscle of facial expression

A

platysma

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9
Q

superior attachment of platysma

A

inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

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10
Q

inferior attachment of platysma

A

fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

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11
Q

innervation of platysma

A

cervical branch of fascial nerve (CN VII)

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12
Q

action of platysma

A

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched indicating tension

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13
Q

contains 3 layers; investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral

A

deep cervical fascia

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14
Q

functions of the 3 layers of Deep cervical fascia

A

support the viscera, muscles, vessels, and deep lymph nodes

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15
Q

Provide the slipperiness that allows structures in the neck to move and pass over one another without difficulty;

A

layers of deep cervical fascia

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16
Q

form natural cleavage planes, allowing separation of tissues during surgery

A

deep cervical fascia layers

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17
Q

superficial layer of deep fascia, surrounding the entire neck deep to subcutaneous tissue

A

investing layer

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18
Q

splits to enclose the SCM and trap muscle; and the parotid and submandibular glands

A

investing layer

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19
Q

superior attachment of investing layer

A

superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid processes of the temporal bones, zygomatic arches, inf border of mandible, hyoid, and SP of the cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

inf attachment of investing layer

A

manubrium of sternum, clavicles, acromions, and spines of scapulae

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21
Q

post border of investing layer

A

continuous with C7 SP and the nuchal ligament

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22
Q

lies between the two layers of investing fascia that enclose the SCM, one layer attaches to the ant and the other post surface of the manubrium,

A

suprasternal space of investing layer

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23
Q

suprasternal space consists of

A

anterior jugular veins, jugular venous arch, fat, and a few deep lymph nodes

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24
Q

layer limited to the anterior part of the neck

A

pretracheal layer

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25
Q

extends inferiorly from the hyoid into the thorax, where it blends with the fibrous pericardium covering the heart

A

pretracheal layer

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26
Q

includes a thin muscular part, which encloses the infrahyoid muscles

A

pretracheal layer

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27
Q

includes a visceral part, which encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

A

pretracheal layer

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28
Q

Is continuous post-sup with the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

pretracheal layer

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29
Q

the pretracheal layer blends laterally with

A

the carotid sheaths

30
Q

tubular fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck

A

carotid sheath

31
Q

blends anteriorly with the investing and pretracheal layers, posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fasica

A

carotid sheath

32
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A 
common and internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein (IJV)
vagus nerve (CN X) 
some deep cervical lymph nodes 
carotid sinus nerve 
sympathetic nerve fibers
33
Q

communicates with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly (these create potential pathways for spread of infection)

A

carotid sheath

34
Q

forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it, (longus colli and longus capitis)

A

prevertebral layer

35
Q

layer of fascia is fixed to cranial base superiorly and fuses with the ALL centrally at T3

A

prevertebral layer

36
Q

extends laterally as the axillary sheath which surrounds the axillary vessels and brachial plexus

A

prevertebral layer

37
Q

largest and most clinically important interfascial space in the neck bc its major pathway for spread of infection

A

retropharyngeal space

38
Q

Inferiorly, the ______ is continuous with the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia.

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

39
Q

________ is closed superiorly by the base of the cranium and on each side by the carotid sheath. permitting movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea relative to the vertebral column during swallowing.

A

retropharyngeal space

40
Q

a thin layer fascia that crosses the retropharyngeal space and attached along the midline of the buccopharyngeal fascia from the cranium to the level of the C7 vertebra and extends laterally to blend with the carotid sheath.

A

alar fascia

41
Q

divides the neck into anterior and posterior traingles

A

SCM

42
Q

superior attachment for SCM

A

lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

43
Q

inferior attachment for SCM (two heads)

A

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

clvaicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

44
Q

innervation of SCM

A

CN XII, C2 and C3 nerves

45
Q

actions of SCM

A

unilateral and bilateral contraction

46
Q

tilts head to same side (laterally flexes of the neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side.

A

unilateral contraction of SCM

47
Q

(1) extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints.

(2) flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium.

A

bilateral contraction of SCM

48
Q

superior attachment of trap

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

49
Q

inferior attachment of trap

A

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

50
Q

innervation of trap

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) C2 and C3 nerves

51
Q

action of trap

A

elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

52
Q

if an infection in the neck occurs between the investing layer and the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection…

A

usually does not spread beyond the superior edge of the maubrium

53
Q

if an infection in the neck occurs between the investing fascia and then visceral part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection…

A

can spread to into the thoracic cavity

54
Q

abscess posterior to the prevertebral layer may form

A

a swelling posterior to the SCM

55
Q

abscess perforating the prevertebral layer and enter the retropharygneal space will

A

produce a bulge in the pharynx, causing difficulty swallowing

56
Q

contraction of the cervical muscles that produces a twisting of the neck and slanting of the head

A

torticollis

57
Q

results from a fibrous tissue tumor that develops in the SCM before or shortly after birth

A

congenital torticollis

58
Q

due to tearing of SCM fibers that may result in a hematoma that may develop into a fibrous mass

A

muscular torticollis

59
Q

neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing head to twist or turn to one side

A

spasmodic torticollis

60
Q

ant boundary of post triangle

A

posterior border of SCM

61
Q

post boundary of post triangle

A

anterior border of the trap

62
Q

inf boundary of post triangle

A

middle third of the clavicle between the trap and the SCM

63
Q

Apex of post triangle

A

where the SCM and trap meet on the sup nuchal line of occipital bone

64
Q

floor of post triangle

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene

65
Q

the posterior triangle is divided into a larger _______ superiorly and a smaller ______ inferiorly by the _______

A

occipital triangle, omoclavicular triangle, inferior belly of the omohyoid

66
Q

passes deep to the SCM, supplying it then exit at the junction of the superior and middle thirds of the posterior border of the SCM

A

spinal accessory nerve

67
Q

passes posteroinferiorly, within or deep to the investing layer of deep cervical fascia, running on the levator scapulae.

A

spinal accessory nerve

68
Q

these will exit between the anterior and the middle scalene muscles

A

roots of brachial plexus

69
Q

It arises from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, runs across the posterior triangle to supply the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula

A

suprascapular nerve

70
Q

It divides into superficial and deep branches:

The superficial branches of the plexus that initially pass posteriorly are cutaneous branches.

The deep branches passing anteromedially are motor branches including the roots of the phrnic nerve and the ansa vervicalis

A

cervical plexus

71
Q

emerge around the middle of the posterior border of the SCM, often called the nerve point of the neck, and supply the skin of the neck, superolateral thoracic wall, and the scalp between the auricle and the external occipital protuberance

A

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

H/N Word Notes (3 decks)

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