Skull 1.1 Flashcards
True or False
In acidotic blood conditions, hydrogen ions are secreted in exchange of sodium and bicarbonate ions.
-TRUE
Fill in the blank/s
This type of nephron is responsible for renal concentration.
-Juxtamedullary Nephrons
True or False
Majority of glucose reabsorption happens in the distal convoluted tubules.
-FALSE (Proximal Convoluted Tubules)
Fill in the blank/s
The glomerulus is surrounded by a structure called the
-Bowman’s Capsule
True or False
Urea clearance test is less reliable than creatinine clearance test is because of the reason that 40% of filtered urea is absorbed.
-TRUE
All of the following prevent albumin and other proteins from entering the glomerulus EXCEPT for
a. Shield of negativity
b. Podocytes
c. Shield of positivity
d. Basement membrane
-Shield of positivity
Which of the following in NOT an action of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
a. Stimulates potassium excretion
b. Triggers antidiuretic hormone to stimulate
water reabsorption in the PCT and collecting
ducts
c. Stimulates sodium reabsorption in the PCT
d. Constricts the afferent arteriole and dilates
the efferent arteriole
-Stimulates potassium excretion
The glomerulus serves as the filtering apparatus of the nephron. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of:
a. Visceral wall, basement membrane, macula densa
b. Capillary endothelium, podocytes, basement membrane
c. Renal hilum, renal artery, renal vein
d. Capillary wall, basement membrane,
juxtaglomerular apparatus
-Capillary endothelium, podocytes, basement membrane
Fill in the blank/s
The specific gravity of ultrafiltrate after passing the glomerulus Is ___ Urine with this specific gravity is often referred to as isosthenuria
-1.010
On what organ is Angiotensin 1 converted to Angiotensin 2?
a. Liver
b. Lungs
c. Kidneys
d. Spleen
-Lungs
True or False
Substances that are reabsorbed by the nephrons include glucose, amino acids, salts and creatinine.
-FALSE (exclude lang yata creatinine)
Fill in the blank/s
The cellular structure of the glomerulus is composed of three layers _______ refer to the intertwining foot processes of the Inner layer or the Bowman’s capsule
-Podocytes
Which of the following tests Is used to assess tubular reabsorption?
a. Creatinine clearance
b. Excretion of PSP aye
c. Titratable acidity
d. Specific gravity
-Specific gravity
True or False
Active transport Is the movement of molecules across a membrane as a result of differences in their concentration or electrical potential on opposite sides of the membrane
-FALSE (Passive Transport)
Fill in the blank/s
Low sodium level in our body could lead to ___ water retention
-Low
True or False
Tubular reabsorption refers to the passage of essential substances from the tubules to the blood for them to be re-circulated in the body
-TRUE
True or False
Of the approximate 120 mL/min of ultrafiltrate filtered by the glomerulus, only an average of 1 mL/min is finally excreted by urine. The diminished volume is brought about by tubular reabsorption and secretion
-TRUE
True or False
Renal vein serves as the portal of entry of blood into the kidneys
-FALSE (Renal Artery)
True or False
The walls of ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water
-TRUE
Glomerular filtration tests like creatinine clearance are reported in what unit of measurement?
-mL/min
Aldosterone is one of those hormones whose production is stimulated upon activation of RAA system. It is responsible for the reabsorption of what substance?
-Sodium
Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the functions of the kidneys?
-erythropoiesis
The two kidneys are located on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, with one on each side of the vertebral column.
-True
How do the kidneys help in maintaining blood pH?
-secretion of hydrogen ions
Once RAA system is activated, what happens to our afferent arteriole?
-Dilation / Dilates
True or False
Renal threshold of glucose is around 160-180 mg/dL.
-TRUE
