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Gold hospice > Skull 1 > Flashcards

Skull 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False
In acidotic blood conditions, hydrogen ions are secreted in exchange of sodium and bicarbonate ions.

A

-TRUE

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2
Q

Fill in the blank/s
This type of nephron is responsible for renal concentration.

A

-Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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3
Q

True or False
Majority of glucose reabsorption happens in the distal convoluted tubules.

A

-FALSE (Proximal Convoluted Tubules)

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4
Q

Fill in the blank/s
The glomerulus is surrounded by a structure called the

A

-Bowman’s Capsule

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5
Q

True or False
Urea clearance test is less reliable than creatinine clearance test is because of the reason that 40% of filtered urea is absorbed.

A

-TRUE

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6
Q

All of the following prevent albumin and other proteins from entering the glomerulus EXCEPT for
a. Shield of negativity
b. Podocytes
c. Shield of positivity
d. Basement membrane

A

-Shield of positivity

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7
Q

Fill in the blank/s
The specific gravity of ultrafiltrate after passing the glomerulus Is ___ Urine with this specific gravity is often referred to as isosthenuria

A

-1.010

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8
Q

On what organ is Angiotensin 1 converted to Angiotensin 2?
a. Liver
b. Lungs
c. Kidneys
d. Spleen

A

-Lungs

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9
Q

Which of the following in NOT an action of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
a. Stimulates potassium excretion
b. Triggers antidiuretic hormone to stimulate
water reabsorption in the PCT and collecting
ducts
c. Stimulates sodium reabsorption in the PCT
d. Constricts the afferent arteriole and dilates
the efferent arteriole

A

-Stimulates potassium excretion

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10
Q

Normal renal blood flow accounts for?
a. 700 ml/min
b. 1500 ml/min
c. 1200 mL/min
d. 600 ml/min

A

-1200 mL/min

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11
Q

True or False
Substances that are reabsorbed by the nephrons include glucose, amino acids, salts and creatinine.

A

-FALSE (Water, Urea and Sodium?)

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12
Q

Fill in the blank/s
The cellular structure of the glomerulus is composed of three layers _______ refer to the intertwining foot processes of the Inner layer or the Bowman’s capsule

A

-Podocytes

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13
Q

The glomerulus serves as the filtering apparatus of the nephron. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of:
a. Visceral wall, basement membrane, macula densa
b. Capillary endothelium, podocytes, basement membrane
c. Renal hilum, renal artery, renal vein
d. Capillary wall, basement membrane,
juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

-Capillary endothelium, podocytes, basement
membrane

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14
Q

Which of the following tests Is used to assess tubular reabsorption?
a. Creatinine clearance
b. Excretion of PSP aye
c. Titratable acidity
d. Specific gravity

A

-Specific gravity

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15
Q

True or False
Active transport Is the movement of molecules across a membrane as a result of differences in their concentration or electrical potential on opposite sides of the membrane

A

-FALSE (Passive Transport)

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16
Q

Fill in the blank/s
Low sodium level in our body could lead to ___ water retention

A

-Low

17
Q

True or False
Tubular reabsorption refers to the passage of essential substances from the tubules to the blood for them to be re-circulated in the body

A

-TRUE

18
Q

True or False
Of the approximate 120 mL/min of ultrafiltrate filtered by the glomerulus, only an average of 1 mL/min is finally excreted by urine. The diminished volume is brought about by tubular reabsorption and secretion

A

-TRUE

19
Q

True or False
Renal vein serves as the portal of entry of blood into the kidneys

A

-FALSE (Renal Artery)

20
Q

True or False
The walls of ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water

A

-TRUE

21
Q

True or False
The two kidneys are located on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, with one on each side of the vertebral column.

A

-TRUE

22
Q

True or False
Sodium is passively reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.

A

-FALSE

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the functions of the kidneys?
a. Erythropoiesis
b. Maintains acid-base balance by reabsorbing
hydrogen ions
c. Excretion of waste products
d. Regulation of body fluids

A

-Maintains acid-base balance by reabsorbing
hydrogen ions

24
Q

Aldosterone is one of those hormones whose production is stimulated upon activation of RAA system. It is responsible for the reabsorption of what substance?
a. hydrogen ions
b. sodium
c. water
d. chloride

A

-Sodium

25
Q

Fill in the blank/s
Once RAA system is activated, what happens to our afferent arteriole?

A

-Dilate

26
Q

Which of these urinary structures is NOT involved in the countercurrent mechanism?
a. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
b. Vasa recta
c. Descending loop of Henle
d. Ascending loop of Henle

A

-Juxtaglomerular apparatus

27
Q

True or False
Renal threshold of glucose is around 160-180 mg/dL.

A

-TRUE

28
Q

Fill in the blank/s
Glomerular Filtration tests are corrected if the we are dealing with body surface that vary greatly from the average body size of ___ m2.

A

-1.73

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