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Micro WEEK 3 > Skin, wounds, eyes > Flashcards

Skin, wounds, eyes Flashcards

1
Q

List all the 10 Anatomical parts of the SKIN.

A
  1. Keratin
  2. Sweat Duct
    4,5 Blood Vessels
  3. Nerves
  4. Subcutaneous layer
  5. Dermis
  6. Epidermis
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2
Q

Factors which control microbial load on SKIN

A
  1. limited amount of moisture
  2. Acid ph
  3. Surface temp is lower than optimal for most pathogens
  4. high salt concentration
    chemical with antibacterial properties ex. sebum, fatty, acids, urea
  5. competitive inhibition from normal flora
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3
Q

Three lines of Attack

A
  1. Disseminated infection localises in skin ex chicken pox, measles, exogenous infection
  2. Transient/normal flora exploits breach in skin ex. endogenous infection, abrasions. surgery, burns, may disseminate from local primary infection
  3. Toxin production enables tissue damage/ inflammation ex. scarlet fever
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4
Q

How do skin breach by skin loving organisms?

A
  1. Resident flora able to resist high salt concentration
  2. Host factors encourage transmission and inoculation
  3. organism contains toxins that cause acute inflammation.
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4
Q

Used to survive phagocytosis and kill neutrophils

A

Catalase

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5
Q

Cause abscess formation

A

Coagulase

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6
Q

Cause to damage to cell membranes

A

Alpha & beta shore forming toxins

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7
Q

Explain FOLLICULTIS

A 
Description: Boils and Carbuncles
Entry: via hair follicles 
Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 
Can get from: abrasions/breaches
Classified as: Endogenous/exogenous infections
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8
Q

Explain IMPETIGO (Bullous form)

A

Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus
Affected area: limbs and buttocks
can get from: skin exposure & insect bites
classified as: microbiology diagnosis

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9
Q

Explain IMPETIGO (non-bullous form)

A

Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes
description; brown rough texture on skin
common in: children (face)

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10
Q

Explain ERYSIPELAS

A

Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes
description; small red lesions, demarcate edge
treatment: antimicrobial therapy

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10
Q

explain CELLULITIS

A 
Type: Acute bacterial infection 
Bacteria: Streptococci  spp & staphylococcus aureus 
additional info;
-haemophilus influenza Type B
-clostridium perfinges 
-fever chill ln enlargement
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10
Q

Explain ACNE

A

Bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes

-increase sebum and keratinisation

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10
Q

Portal of entry for WOUND INFECTION

A
  1. surgical
  2. burns
  3. trauma
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10
Q

Give the 6 types of SKIN BACTERIAL INFECTION

A
  1. Folliculitis
  2. Impetigo bullous form
  3. Impetigo non-bullous form
  4. Erysipelas
  5. Cellulitis
  6. Acne
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11
Q

Bacteria you can get in CLEAN WOUNDS

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Enterobacteria

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12
Q

Bacteria you can get from ABDOMINAL WOUNDS

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. enterobacteria
  3. anaerobes & entercocci
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13
Q

Portal of Entry via Intravenous Catheters

A

-staphylococcus aureus
-staphylococcus epidermis
corynebacterium jeikeium

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14
Q

Portal of entry via PRESSURE SORES

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • enterobacteria/ enterococci
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15
Q

how can you get wound infection from surgery

A
  • operating room
  • hands
  • patient’s flora
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16
Q

Portal of entry via TRAUMA/BURNS

A
  • skin/environmental flora
  • melioidosis
  • pseudomonas spp
  • soil gnb
17
Q

portal of entry via TRAUMA

A
  • Endospores
  • tissues low oxygen tissues
    anaerobic bacteria
    -clostridium perfringes
18
Q

It is called as the “skin loving fungi”

A

Dermatophytes

19
Q

Explain the 3 characteristics of DERMATOPHYTES

A
  1. Geophilic, zoophilic, anthropophilic
  2. Continuous moist skin
  3. cause inflammation
20
Clinical features of Tinea (ringworm)
affected area: feets, nails, scalp. beard and groin | description: scaly patch, cry skin. hair loss, often itchy
21
the 3 categoral bacteria of DERMATOPHYTES
1. epidermophyton 2. trichophyton 3. microsporum
22
Explain CANDIDIASIS
Fungal name: Candida albicans | may cause: thrush & secondary skin bacterial infection
23
these are hookworm from small intestines of dogs
ANCYCLOSTOMA CANINUM
24
explain SCABIES
name; Sarcoptes scabei (MITES) description: burrows, papules, pustules affected area; wrists, ankles, buttocks Sever intchiness
25
explain PEDICULOSIS
name; Pediculus humanus (lies)
26
This viral infection may replicate in keratinocytes in the acute phase of the disease.
HERPESVIRUSES
27
This viral infection may produce recurrence or recrudescence
LATENT HERPESVIRUSES
28
This viral infection may produce benign or malignant tumors
PAPILLOMAVIRUSES (warts)
29
This viral infection may be associated with the viraemic phase of several viral infection ex. measles
RASHES
30
HSV 1 affects the ____, while HSV 2 affects the ______
upper body, lower body
31
the first infection with either herpes simplex virus (little cross protection)
PRIMARY INFECTION
32
The infection with a second HSV
INITIAL INFECTION
33
Producing of the ineffective virus by a latently infected cell.
REACTIVATION
34
Clinical disease associated with reactivation
RECRUDESCENCE
35
4 stages of HSV
1. Prodromal stage (not visible) 2. Vesicles/blisters stage ( blisters) 3. Ulcer stage (pointy blisters) 4. Crust stage ( rough texture)
36
Viruses producing rashes
- rubella, measles, dengue
37
explain VARICELLA
incubation period = 2 weeks rash presence of : macules, papules, vesicles, crusts
38
these two are common in immunocompromised patients
1. encephalitis (most) | 2. varicella pneumonitis
39
This characteristic of rash may involve a thoracic derntome
Zoster
40
complications of zoster
- Post-herpetic pain - opthalmic zoster' - generalised zoster
41
Anatomy of the eye
1. conjunctiva 2. cornea 3. retina
42
Give the 4 eye infection
- staphylococcus aureus - proprionibacterium spp - streptococci - corynebacterium spp
43
The infections of conjunctivitis
1. Haemophilus conjunctiva 2. streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Moraxella catarrhalis 4. Staphylococcus aureus
44
Eye infection bacteria in NEONATAL
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE - can cause blindness
45
Orbital cellulitis 3 bacterial infections
Haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus
46
Characteristics of Chlamydia Trachomatis
STD poor hygiene leading cause of preventable blindness

Micro WEEK 3 (4 decks)

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