Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 DERMATOLOGY > skin tumours > Flashcards

skin tumours Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

how are meloncytes formed

A

early in embryogenesis melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest to skin, uveal tract and leptomeninges and once they settle in the skin they form melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what os the melanocyte:basal keratinocyte ratio

A

1:5 - 1:10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the MC1R protein

A

determines the balance of pigment in skin and hair

  • MCR1 turns phaeomelanin into eumelanin
  • one defective copy of MC1R causes freckling
  • two defective copies causes red hair and freckles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are freckles

A

called ephilides

- patchy increase in melanin pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are ‘age’ or ‘liver’ spots called

A

actinic lentigines

- increase in melanin and basal melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does acquired nave come about

A

during infancy the melanocytes:keratinocyte ratio breaks down at a number of cutaneous sites which allows the formation of simple nave

  • very common benign lesions
  • low malignant potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are junctional naevus

A

melanocytes proliferate with clusters of cells at DEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are compound naevi

A

junctional clusters and groups of cells in dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are intradermal navei

A

all junctional activity has ceased entirely dermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is dysplastic navei

A
  • generally >6cm diameter
  • variegated pigment
  • boarder asymmetry
  • architectural atypic and cellular atypia
    • unlike melanoma epidermis isn’t effected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are halo naevi

A

Have peripheral halo of depigmentation. They show inflammatory regression and are overrun by lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are blue naevi

A

entirely dermal and consist of pigment rich dendritic spindle cells. The cellular variant may have mitoses and mimic melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the aetiology of malignant melanoma

A
  • sunburn
  • UV exposure
  • genetic risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what features would make you suspect a melanoma

A
  • change in shape
  • new pigmented lesion develops in adulthood
  • irregular pigmentation
  • bleeding
  • development of nodules
  • ulceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 4 main types of melanoma

A
  • superficial spreading (commonest on trunks and legs)
  • aural/mucosal lentiginous ( acral and mucosal)
  • lentigo maligna (sun damaged face/neck/scalp)
  • nodular (varied site but often trunk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does a melanoma prognosis depend on

A
  • Breslows depth and ulceration (Breslow = deepest tumour from granular layer)
17
Q

how do you treat a melanoma

A
  • primary excision to give clear margins
  • some also receive a sentinel node biopsy
  • if SN positive then you need a regional lymphadenectomy
  • chemo, immunotherapy, genetic therapy
18
Q

what is BRAF

A
  • wild type BRAF is a weak cytosolic proto-oncogene
  • if mutated drives cell proliferation regulating MEK and ERK
  • range of drugs developed to interfere with this pathway
19
Q

what are some precancerous dysplasia

A
  • Bowens disease
  • Actinic keratosis
  • Viral lesions
20
Q

what are some invasive malignancies

A
  • basal and squamous cell carcinoma
21
Q

what is seborrhoea keratosis

A

benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes common on the face and trunk. It has a stuck on appearance-greasy hyperkeratotic surface
- epidermal acanthuses, hyperkeratosis, horn cysts

22
Q

what are the 3 main subtypes of basal cell carcinoma

A
  • nodular
  • superficial
  • infiltrate (morphoeic)
23
Q

what are features of basal cell carcinoma

A
  • may infiltrate tissues widely
  • prominent desmoplastic fibrous stroma
  • margins are poorly defined
  • may spread along nerves
  • resection may be challenging
24
Q

what do precursors of squamous cell carcinomas show

A

dysplasia

25
Q

what is Bowens disease

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma in situ
  • scaly patch/plaque
  • irregular border
  • no dermal invasion
26
Q

what are features of actinic keratosis.

A
  • very common
  • sun exposed skin
  • variable epidermal dysplasia
  • severely atypical lesions are bowenoid
27
Q

what is the commonest clinical setting for squamous carcinoma of the skin

A
  • elderly
  • sun exposed sites eg face, ears
  • UV implicated

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions