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Dermatology > Skin theraputics > Flashcards

Skin theraputics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is a cream?

A

A semisolid emulsion of water and oil

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2
Q

What do all creams contain?

A

Preservative and emulsifier

Have a high water content

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3
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Semisolid grease/oil (soft paraffin)

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4
Q

Do ointments contain a preservative?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the uses and advantages of ointments?

A

Occlusive and emollient

Restrict transepidermalwater loss

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6
Q

What is a lotion?

A

Suspension or solution of medication in water, alcohol or other liquids

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7
Q

Which areas are lotions used to treat?

A

Scalp and hair-bearing areas

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8
Q

What are gels and what do they consist of?

A

Thickened aqueous lotions

Semi-solids, containing high molecular weight polymers e.g. methylcellulose

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9
Q

What are pastes and what do they consist of?

A

Semisolids

Contain finely powdered material e.g. ZNO

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of pastes?

A

Stiff
Greasy
Difficult to apply

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11
Q

What are the advantages of pastes?

A

Protective
Occlusive
Hydrating

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12
Q

Which kind of preparation is often used in bandages?

A

Pastes

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13
Q

What do emollients do?

A

Enhance rehydration of epidermis

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14
Q

How much emollient should be prescribed weekly?

A

250-500g

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15
Q

What are wet wraps used to treat?

A

Extremely dry skin

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of wet wraps?

A

Time consuming to apply

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17
Q

What are the four main modes of action of topical steroids?

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-proliferative
Cause immune suppression

18
Q

What is the most mild topical corticosteroid?

A

Hydrocortisone 1%

19
Q

Which are moderate topical steroids?

A

Modrasone

Clobetasone butyrate 0.05%

20
Q

Which are potent topical steroids?

A

Elocon

Betamethasone valerate 0.1%

21
Q

Which is the most potent topical corticosteroid?

A

Clobetasol proprionate0.05%

22
Q

Which conditions are topical steroids used in?

A

Eczema
Psoriasis
Other non-infective inflammatory dermatoses e.g. lichen planus
Keloid scars

23
Q

What are the side effects of topical steroids on the skin?

A 
Thinning skin
Stretch marks
Purpura
Fixed telangectasia
Perioral dermatitis
Steroid rosacea
24
Q

What are some examples of topical antiseptics?

A

Povidone iodine
Chlorhexidine
Triclosan
Hydrogen peroxide

25
Q

Which situations are topical antiseptics used in?

A

Recurrent infections
Antibiotic resisistance
Wound irrigation

26
Q

Which topical antibiotics are used for acne?

A

Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline

27
Q

Which topical antibiotics are used for impetigo?

A

Mupirocin

Fusidic acid

28
Q

Which topical antibiotics are used for rosacea?

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

What is the treatment for infected eczema?

A

Combination of steroid & antibiotics

30
Q

Which condition is treated with a topical antiviral?

A

Herpes simplex

31
Q

Which conditions are treated with oral antivirals?

A

Eczema herpeticum

Herpes zoster

32
Q

What are some examples of antiprutitics?

A

Camphor
Crotamiton
Menthol
Capsaicin

33
Q

What are some topical treatments for psoriasis?

A 
Emollients
Coal tar 
Vitamin D analogue
Keratolytic
Topical steroid
Dithranol
34
Q

What is imiquimod?

A

An immune response modulator

Enhances innate & cell-mediated immunity

35
Q

What are the uses of imiquimod?

A 
Genital warts
Superficial BCC
Solar keratoses
Lentigo maligna 
Bowen’s disease
Verrucae
36
Q

Which layer of the skin is the most important barrier to drug penetration?

A

Stratum corneum/keratin layer

37
Q

What does the ‘brick and mortar’ structure of the stratum corneum describe?

A

‘Bricks’ (Corneocytes, containing keratin filaments in a cornified cell envelope)
‘Mortar’ (lamellar structures of intercellular lipids, i.e. ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids)

38
Q

Which two routes can drugs take across the stratum corneum?

A

Intercellular (around corneocytes)

Transcellular

39
Q

What is the advantage of a high lipid content in a topical drug?

A

Works better for longer

40
Q

What is the disadvantage of a high lipid content in a topical drug?

A

Messy and greasy

41
Q

What is the subcutaneous route of drug administration?

A

Drug delivered by a needle (inserted into the fatty (adipose) tissue just beneath the surface of the skin)

42
Q

Which drugs are best suited to transdermal patch administration?

A

Those that are potent, lipophilic and of relatively brief half life

Dermatology (8 decks)

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