Skin Therapeutics & Topical Treatments

Question 1

Two advantages of topical treatments?

Answer 1

-direct application -reduced systemic affects

Question 2

Three disadvantages of topical treatments?

Answer 2

-time consuming -correct dosage can be difficult -messy to use

Question 3

What are drugs used in the skin dissolved in? (& 6 types)

Answer 3

-bases/vehicles -gels -creams -ointments -pastes -lotions -foams

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

Icythosis

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis

Question 6

What are creams?

Answer 6

semisolid emulsion of oil in water

Question 7

What are 2 products contained in creams?

Answer 7

-emulsifier -preservative

Question 8

Ointments

Answer 8

semisolid grease/oil

Question 9

Ointments contain preservative - true/false?

Answer 9

false

Question 10

Lotions?

Answer 10

liquid: suspension of medication in water/alcohol or other liquids

Question 11

When may lotions sting?

Answer 11

when they contain alcohol

Question 12

Where are lotions often prescribed for?

Answer 12

-scalp -hair bearing areas

Question 13

Gels?

Answer 13

thickened aqueous lotions -semi solids containing high molecular weight polymers

Question 14

give example of high molecular weight polymers in gels?

Answer 14

methycellulose

Question 15

Where are gels often used to treat?

Answer 15

-scalp -hair-bearing areas -face

Question 16

Pastes?

Answer 16

-semisolids -contain finely powdered material e.g. ZNO

Question 17

What are pastes often used for?

Answer 17

cooling drying soothing bandages

Question 18

What are pros & cons of pastes?

Answer 18

pros: protective, hydrating, occlusive cons: stiff, greasy, difficult to apply

Question 19

What would you apply for icthyosis?

Answer 19

lotion

Question 20

What type of base for child hand dermatitis?

Answer 20

cream

Question 21

What type of base for scalp psoriasis?

Answer 21

gel

Question 22

What type of base for hyperkeratotic hand eczema?

Answer 22

ointment

Question 23

Foam

Answer 23

hydrophilic liquid with foaming agent dispersed in gaseous phase

Question 24

What is pro of foam

Answer 24

increased penetration of active agent, can spread over large areas and aren’t greasy

Question 25

Why use emollients?

Answer 25

enhance rehydration of epidermis

Question 26

what are emollients mostly used for?

Answer 26

dry/scaly conditions e.g. eczema and psoriasis, mostly eczema

Question 27

How much approx.. a week?

Answer 27

500g

Question 28

Advice on prescribing emollient?

Answer 28

-apply immediately after washing -apply in direction of hair growth -fire risk if paraffin-based -make skin + surfaces slippery -avoid ones containing SLS

Question 29

Wet wrap therapy use?

Answer 29

very dry (xerotic) skin

Question 30

Mode of action of topical corticosteroids? (3 points)

Answer 30

-vasoconstrictive -anti-inflammatory -anti-proliferative

Question 31

Mild topic steroid?

Answer 31

1% hydrocortisone

Question 32

Moderate topical steroids?

Answer 32

-modrasone -colebatsone butyrate -both 0.05%

Question 33

Potent topical steroids

Answer 33

mometasone -betamethasone -valerate -0.1%

Question 34

very potent topical steroid?

Answer 34

clobetasol proprionate 0.05%

Question 35

What are uses for topical corticosteroids? (4 points)

Answer 35

-eczema e.g. dermatitis -psoriasis (be careful of rebound + pustular psoriasis) -other non-infective inflammatory dermatoses e.g. lichen planus -keloid scars (intralesional/tape)

Question 36

Side effects of topical steroids?

Answer 36

-thinning of skin -stretch marks -purpura -steroid rosacea -fixed telangectasia (network of delicate blood vessels) -perioral dermatitis (acne-like rash) \_INCLUDe pics from lecture

Question 37

Quantity of steroids?

Answer 37

1 application to whole body: 20-30g

Question 38

other side effects of topical steroids:

Answer 38

-worsen/mask infection -systemic absorption can cause adrenal suppresion, cushings syndrome -inreased risk is skin inflamed: tachyphylaxis, rebound flasre of siease, glaucoma and cataract

Question 39

calicneurin inhibitors 2 examples

Answer 39

-tacrolimus -pimecrolimus

Question 40

how do calicneurin inhibitors work?

Answer 40

suppress T lymphocyte activation

Question 41

Calicnuerin inhibitors are applied topically, true or false.

Answer 41

true

Question 42

what may cause burning sensations

Answer 42

calicneurin inhibitors

Question 43

antiseptics clinical uses x3?

Answer 43

-recurrent infections -skin cleansing -wound irrigation

Question 44

antibiotics clinical uses in derm? x3

Answer 44

-acne/rosacea -skin infection e.g. impetigo -infected eczematous process e.g. otitis externa