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Dermatology > Skin + Temperature > Flashcards

Skin + Temperature Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is core body temp

A

37 degrees +- 0.5

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2
Q

Why is this important

A 
>41 = proteins denature
<30 = LOC
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3
Q

What does body temp vary with

A

External temp
Activity
Circadian rhythm
Menstrual cycle

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4
Q

What do we produce all the time

A

Heat

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5
Q

How do you we manage heat

A

Conduction - heat transfer between touching
Convection - fluid conduction e.g. wind / water chill
Evaporation - respiration / sweating taking heat energy with it (main loss in body)
Radiation - can be loss or gain

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6
Q

What do cold receptors do

A

Respond to cold temp

Peak fire at 30 degrees (10-40 range)

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7
Q

What do warm receptors do

A

Respond to warm temp

Peak fire at 40 degrees (30-50)

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8
Q

How do you tell apart

A

Dynamic response to change in temp

Warm receptors fire more when temp increases

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9
Q

What are peripheral thermoreceptors

A

Located in the skin
Face and scrotum sensitive
Respond to environmental temp

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10
Q

What are central thermoreceptors

A

Located in spinal cord, abdominal organs and hypothalamus

Tell core temperature

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11
Q

What happens

A

Nerves go to hypothalamic thermoregular centre

Response generated

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12
Q

What nerve fibres detect cold

A

A delta

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13
Q

What nerve fibres detect warm

A

C fibres

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14
Q

What is fever

A

Body’s response to infection

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15
Q

What causes fever

A 
Endogenous pyrogenes (IL) Increase set point on hypothalamus of where body temp should be  by producing prostaglandins 
So feel cold when temp increases to this point
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16
Q

What helps fever

A

NSAID + Aspirin

Block cycle-oxygenase which stops prostaglandin production which turns up set point

17
Q

How are prostaglandins produced

A

Cyclo-oxygenase in hypothalamus

18
Q

How does body generate heat in cold stress

A

Cell metabolism
Voluntary muscle activity
Shivering thermogenesis - involuntary
Non-shivering thermogenesis in infants

19
Q

What is nonshinvering thermogenesis

A

Brown adipose tissue

Uses protein gradient to produce heat

20
Q

How is heat loss reduced in cold stress

A

Sympathetic arteriolar construction - A1

Behaviour - add clothes, move to warmth, reduce SA

21
Q

What is hypothermia

A

<35 degrees

22
Q

Who is at risk

A

Neonates
Elderly
Outdoor workers/ North Sea

23
Q

How are neonates at risk

A

Big SA to volume
Little fat
Don’t shiver

24
Q

How are elderly at risk

A

Do not detect temp well
Immobile
Less shivering capacity

25
Q

What does cold stress do to vascularity

A

Vasoconstriction so slow flow
Increased viscosity
Increased thrombosis
Hypoxia

26
Q

What does cold stress to cellular

A

Ice crystals in extra-cellular space
Increased osmotic conc
Movement of water from intracellular space
Cell dehydration

27
Q

What are complications

A

Increased heart attack and stroke due to vasoconstriction and viscosity

28
Q

How do you Rx hypothermia

A 
Dry + insulate to prevent further loss
Slow re-warming 
Internal rewarming with hot drinks
Fast re-warming by immersion in water
Extra-corporeal circulation
29
Q

How is heat production minister

A

Decreased physical activity

Decreased food intake

30
Q

How is heat loss increased

A

Arteriolar dilation
Sweating
Increase SA
Remove clothes

31
Q

How do we sweat

A

Sympathetic cholinergic fibres
Release Ach
NOT Na

32
Q

What is heat exhaustion

A

Body temp >37.5-40
Results in vasodilation and drop in blood volume
Distance of fluid / salt balance due to sweat

33
Q

What are the symptoms

A 
Headache
Confusion
Nausea
Sweating 
Clammy skin
Tachy as low BP
Hypotension
Weak pule
Faint
Collapse
34
Q

What is heat stroke

A

If temp above 40 and body’s control measures fail

Hot dry skin as sweating ceased and circulatory collapse

35
Q

Who is at risk

A

Neonates
Elderly
Protective clothing
Physical work in hot environment

36
Q

How do you Rx

A 
Move to cool
Remove clothing
Fan
Sponge with tepid water
Give fluids - oral or IV

Dermatology (12 decks)

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