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Skin Structure, Growth, And Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails

A

Dermatologist

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2
Q

What are cosmetologists allowed to do in regards to skin?

A

Clean skin, preserve the health of the skin, and beautify the skin

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3
Q

Esthetician

A

Specializes in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body, including the face & neck

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4
Q

Skin

A
  • largest organ in the body
  • weighs 6-9 pounds
  • protects muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels
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5
Q

Heathy skin

A

Slightly moist, soft, and flexible, smooth/fine-grained texture
-slightly acidic

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6
Q

Callus

A

Continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet

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7
Q

Name the parts of the Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum

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8
Q

The outermost and thinnest layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

The underlying or inner layer of skin, known as the derma or cutis or true skin
-25x thicker than the epidermis

A

The Dermis

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10
Q

“Horny layer,” the outer layer of the epidermis, the layer we see when we look at the skin. It’s scale-like cells are continually being shed and replaced by cells

A

The Stratum Corneum

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11
Q

A fibrous protein that is also the principle component of hair and nails. It’s part of the stratum Corneum

A

Keratin

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12
Q

Barrier function

A

The complex of lipids between the cells

-keeps the skin moist by preventing water evaporation & guard against irritants penetrating the skin surface

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13
Q

The clear, transparent layer under the Stratum Corneum, consists of small cells through which light can pass

A

The Stratum Lucidum

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14
Q

“Granular layer,” the layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin

A

The Stratum Granulosum

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15
Q

The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum, where the process of skin cell shedding begins

A

The Stratum Spinosum

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16
Q

“Basal Cell Layer,” deepest layer of epidermis, the live layer that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for the growth of the epidermis
-contains melanocytes

A

The Stratum Germinativum

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17
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce dark skin pigment called melanin. Melanin protects the cells in the Dermis from excessive UV light

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18
Q

Arrector Pili Muscles

A

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh/goose bumps and papillae!

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19
Q

The outermost layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis
-here you will find the dermal papillae

A

The Papillary Layer

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20
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles

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21
Q

What is the thinnest skin of the body?

A

The skin located under and around our eyes

22
Q

The deeper layer of the Dermis that supplies the skin with all of its oxygen and nutrients

A

The Reticular Layer

23
Q

What does the Reticular Layer contain?

A
  • Fat cells
  • Blood vessels
  • Lymph vessels
  • Sebaceous (oil) glands
  • Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
  • Hair follicles
  • Arrector Pili muscles
  • Nerve Endings
24
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

The fatty tissue found below the dermis, gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for energy

25
Lymph
The clear fluids of the body that bathe the skin cells, remove toxins & cellular waste, and have immune functions to help protect the body & skin from disease
26
Name the nerves of the skin
Motor nerve fibers Sensory nerve fibers Secretory nerve fibers
27
Motor Nerve Fibers
Distributed to the Arrector Pili muscles attached to the hair follicles -carry impulses from the brain to the muscles
28
Sensory Nerve Fibers
React to heat, cold, touch, pressure, & pain. Sensory receptors send messages to the brain
29
Secretory Nerve Fibers
Distributed to the Sudoriferous (sweat) and sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin -regulate the excretion of perspiration from the Sudoriferous glands and controls the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin
30
Pheomelanin
Red to yellow in color
31
Eumelanin
Dark brown to black
32
What does Broad Spectrum sunscreen mean?
The sunscreen product can protect against both UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
33
Collagen
A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength | -if collagen fibers lose their strength, wrinkles and sagging occur
34
Elastin
A protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue, gives the skin its flexibility and elasticity
35
Sudoriferous Glands
Excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals - regulate body temperature - help eliminate waste products from the body
36
Sebaceous Glands
Connected to hair follicles | -consist of little sacs with ducts that open into the follicles and secrete sebum
37
Sebum
A fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair
38
Open Comedo
"Blackhead," when sebum hardens and the duct becomes clogged | -a hair follicle filled with dead keratinized cells and sebum
39
Closed Comedo
"Whitehead," filled with dead cells and sebum but has a very small surface follicle opening and appears as a small white bump just under the skin surface
40
A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria
Acne or "acne vulgaris"
41
The technical term for acne bacteria
Propionibacterium Acnes
42
Papule
A pimple; a small elevation of the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus
43
Pustule
A raised inflamed Papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to the head of the pimple
44
Six principle functions of the skin
1. Protect 2. sensation 3. Heat regulation 4. Excretion 5. Secretion 6. Absorption
45
Minerals
Used by cells to produce important biochemicals that have many body functions
46
What percent of the body's weight does water make up?
50-70%
47
Which vitamin supports the overall health of the skin & aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells? It has also shown to improve the skins elasticity and thickness
Vitamin A
48
Which vitamin is an important substance needed for the proper repair of the skin and tissues and accelerates the healing process?
Vitamin C
49
Which vitamin enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium?
Vitamin D
50
Which vitamin helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the suns UV light?
Vitamin E
51
What is the top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis called?
The epidermal-dermal junction
52
Dermatology
The medical brand of science that deals with the study of skin, it's nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment

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