Skin Structure and Growth Flashcards
arrector pili muscles
small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goosebumps
barrier function
complex of lipids that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation and guards against irritants penetrating the skins surface; and to help regulate the skin’s pH
broad spectrum protein
sunscreen product that has been shown to protect from burning, skin cancer , and premature aging; protects against both UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
collagen
fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; gives the skin form and strength.
dermal papillae
membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis
dermatologist
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
dermatology
medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
dermis
also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin
elastin
protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
dermal-epidermal junction
top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis
epidermis
outermost and thinnest later of skin, made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum
eumelanin
type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color
hair papillae
cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment
keratin
fibrous protein of cells that is also principle component of skin, hair, and nails.
melanin
tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) produced by melanocytes deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and papillary layers of the dermis
melanocytes
cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin
motor nerve fibers
fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles
papillary layer
outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis
pheomelanin
type of melanin that is red to yellow in color
reticular layer
deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients
sebaceous glands
also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum
sebum
fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.
secretory coil
coiled base of the sudoiferous (sweat) gland
secretory nerve fibers
regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin
sensory nerve fibers
fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.
stratum corneum
also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis
stratum germinativum
commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces skin cells and is responsible for growth
stratum granulosum
also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resembles granules.
stratum lucidum
clear, transparent later of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.
stratum spinosum
also known as the spiny layer; layer of the epidermis just above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer
subcataneous layer
also known as hypodermis or superficial fasica; consists of subcutaneous (fat) tssue located beneath the dermis
subcutaneous tissue
also known as adipose subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin
sudoriferous glands
also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
sweat glands
also known as sudoiferous glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
tactile corpuscles
small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.