Muscles Flashcards
origin
part of the muscle that does not move and is anchored to the bone; attached closest to the skeleton
belly
middle part of the muscle
insertion
moveable part of the muscle anchored to the bone; attached furthest from the skeleton
epicranius
broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis; also called occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles
frontalis
front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead
occipitalis
back (posterior) portion of the epicranius: muscle that draws the scalp backward
sternocleidomastoicleus
neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head; originates at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone
platysma
broad muscle extending from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip
corrugator
small muscle located between the eyebrows below the frontalis; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
procerus
muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose
temporalis
located near the temple, it opens and closes the jaw
levator palpebrae superioris
thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid
orbicularis occuli
ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears
levator anguli oris
muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward
levator labii superioris
muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste
zygomaticus minor
muscle that works with the zygomaticus major to make facial expressions
zygomaticus major
muscle that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; directs the lip outward and upward when laughing or smiling
masseter
originates at the lower part of the zygomatic; moves the mandible, causing the mouth to close
risorius
muscle at the corner of the mouth that draws it out and back, as when grinning
buccinator
muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses that cheeks and expels air between the lips
orbicularis oris
muscle that circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips
triangularis
muscle at the corner of the lip that extends over the chin and pulls down the corners of the mouth when frowning
depressor labii inferioris
muscle that surronds and lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm
mentalis
muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
trapezius
covers the back of the neck as well as the upper and middle regions of the back; lifts and turns the head; raises the shoulders; controls swinging movements of the arms
deltoid
large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder join that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body
tricep
large muscle covering covering the entire back of the upper arm that extends the forearm and straightens the elbow
bicep
front of the upper arm; produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow
pronator
muscle that turns the hand inward so the palm faces downward
extensors
muscles that extend and straighten joints such as the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line
flexor
extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing or bending it
supinator
forearm muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward
adductors
muscles that draw a body part toward the midline of the body; draw the fingers together in the hand
abductors
muscles that draw a body part away form the midline of the body; separate the fingers in the hand
opponens
muscle that allows the thumb to be moved toward a finger of the same hand
peroneus longus
muscle that covers the outer side of the calf, inverts the foot, and turns it outward
gastrocnemius
muscle attached tot he lower rear surface of the heel that pulls the foot down
peroneus brevis
muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out
tibialis anterior
muscle covering the front of the shin that bends the foot upward and inward
extensor digitoram longus
muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes
soleus
muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down
extensor hallucis longus
muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot
flexor digiti minimi
foot muscle that moves the little toe
abductor digiti minimi
foot muscle that allows the little toe to flex and move
abductor hallucis
foot muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes
flexor digitorum brevis
foot muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing
cranium
an oval, bony case consisting of 8 bones that protect the brain
facial skeleton
the framework of the face; composed of 14 bones
parietal bones (2)
two bones forming the sides and top of the cranium
temporal bones (2)
two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region
occipital bone
located below the parietal bones forming the back o the skull above the nape
frontal bone
forms the forehead
sphenoid bone
forms base and sides of skull
ethmoid bone
separates nasal cavity from brain
zygomatic bones (2)
also known as cheekbones or molar bones, they form the prominence of the cheeks and outer part of the eye socket
lacrimal bones (2)
two small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets (orbits)
nasal bones (2)
two bones that form the bridge of the nose
maxillae bones (2)
tow bones that form the upper jaw
mandible
largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw
cervical vertebrae (7)
seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure and flexibility to the neck
clavicle
also known as collarbone, it joins the sternum and scapula
hyoid bone
u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and it ‘s muscles; the only bone of the throat
scapula (2)
also called the shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder; there are two scapulae
humerus
uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder
ulna
inner and greater bone in the forearm located on the side of the little finger
radius
smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb
phalanges
also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; three in each finger and two in each thumb
carpus (8)
also known as the wrist; flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones called carpals
metacarpus (5)
five bones, or metacarpals, of the palm located between the carpus and phalanges
patella
also called the kneecaps; forms the kneecap joint
tibia
also known as shinbone, its the larger of the two leg bones below the knee one the big toe side that supports most of the body’s weight
fibula
located on the little- toe side of the lower leg; smaller of the tow leg bones below the knee
talus
also called the ankle bone; between the heel bone; tibia, and fibia
phalanges (14)
also known as digits; there are fourteen total with two in each big toe and three in each smaller toe
tarsals (7)
seven irregularly shaped bones in the ankle area including the talus, calcaneus (heel), navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones
metatarsals (5)
five long, slender bones similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand
Circulatory System
FUNCTION: controls blood movement throughout the body
MAJOR ORGANS: heart, blood vessels
Digestive System
FUNCTION: breaks down food into nutrients or waste for nutrition or excretion
MAJOR ORGANS: stomach, intestines, esophagus, salivary glands
Endocrine System
FUNCTION: controls hormone levels within the body that determine growth, development, reproduction, and health of entire body
MAJOR ORGANS: endocrine glands, hormones
Excretory System
FUNCTION: eliminates waste from the body, reducing the buildup of toxins
MAJOR ORGANS: kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, lungs
Lymphatic System
FUNCTION: protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying pathogens and toxins
MAJOR ORGANS: lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen
Integumentary System
FUNCTION: provides a protective covering and regulates body temperature
MAJOR ORGANS: skin, oil glands, sweat glands, hair, nails
Muscular System
FUNCTION: covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; muscles contract to allow for movement for body structures
MAJOR ORGANS: muscles
Nervous System
FUNCTIONS: coordinates all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment
MAJOR ORGANS: brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes
Reproductive System
FUNCTION: produces offspring and differentiates males from females as assigned at birth
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: uterus, ovaries, penis, testes
Respiratory System
FUNCTION: makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through respiration; eliminates carbon dioxide
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: lungs, air passages
Skeletal System
FUNCTION: forms the physical foundation of the body: composed of 206 bones connected by moveable and immovable joints
MAJOR ORGANS: bones, joints
