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Cosmetology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

origin

A

part of the muscle that does not move and is anchored to the bone; attached closest to the skeleton

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2
Q

belly

A

middle part of the muscle

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3
Q

insertion

A

moveable part of the muscle anchored to the bone; attached furthest from the skeleton

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4
Q

epicranius

A

broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis; also called occipitofrontalis

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5
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

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6
Q

frontalis

A

front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead

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7
Q

occipitalis

A

back (posterior) portion of the epicranius: muscle that draws the scalp backward

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8
Q

sternocleidomastoicleus

A

neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head; originates at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone

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9
Q

platysma

A

broad muscle extending from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip

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10
Q

corrugator

A

small muscle located between the eyebrows below the frontalis; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

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11
Q

procerus

A

muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

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12
Q

temporalis

A

located near the temple, it opens and closes the jaw

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13
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid

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14
Q

orbicularis occuli

A

ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears

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15
Q

levator anguli oris

A

muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward

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16
Q

levator labii superioris

A

muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste

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17
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

muscle that works with the zygomaticus major to make facial expressions

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18
Q

zygomaticus major

A

muscle that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; directs the lip outward and upward when laughing or smiling

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19
Q

masseter

A

originates at the lower part of the zygomatic; moves the mandible, causing the mouth to close

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20
Q

risorius

A

muscle at the corner of the mouth that draws it out and back, as when grinning

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21
Q

buccinator

A

muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses that cheeks and expels air between the lips

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22
Q

orbicularis oris

A

muscle that circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

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23
Q

triangularis

A

muscle at the corner of the lip that extends over the chin and pulls down the corners of the mouth when frowning

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24
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

muscle that surronds and lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm

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25
Q

mentalis

A

muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

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26
Q

trapezius

A

covers the back of the neck as well as the upper and middle regions of the back; lifts and turns the head; raises the shoulders; controls swinging movements of the arms

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27
Q

deltoid

A

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder join that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

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28
Q

tricep

A

large muscle covering covering the entire back of the upper arm that extends the forearm and straightens the elbow

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29
Q

bicep

A

front of the upper arm; produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

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30
Q

pronator

A

muscle that turns the hand inward so the palm faces downward

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31
Q

extensors

A

muscles that extend and straighten joints such as the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

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32
Q

flexor

A

extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing or bending it

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33
Q

supinator

A

forearm muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

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34
Q

adductors

A

muscles that draw a body part toward the midline of the body; draw the fingers together in the hand

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35
Q

abductors

A

muscles that draw a body part away form the midline of the body; separate the fingers in the hand

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36
Q

opponens

A

muscle that allows the thumb to be moved toward a finger of the same hand

37
Q

peroneus longus

A

muscle that covers the outer side of the calf, inverts the foot, and turns it outward

38
Q

gastrocnemius

A

muscle attached tot he lower rear surface of the heel that pulls the foot down

39
Q

peroneus brevis

A

muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out

40
Q

tibialis anterior

A

muscle covering the front of the shin that bends the foot upward and inward

41
Q

extensor digitoram longus

A

muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes

42
Q

soleus

A

muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

43
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot

44
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

foot muscle that moves the little toe

45
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

foot muscle that allows the little toe to flex and move

46
Q

abductor hallucis

A

foot muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes

47
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

foot muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing

48
Q

cranium

A

an oval, bony case consisting of 8 bones that protect the brain

49
Q

facial skeleton

A

the framework of the face; composed of 14 bones

50
Q

parietal bones (2)

A

two bones forming the sides and top of the cranium

51
Q

temporal bones (2)

A

two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region

52
Q

occipital bone

A

located below the parietal bones forming the back o the skull above the nape

53
Q

frontal bone

A

forms the forehead

54
Q

sphenoid bone

A

forms base and sides of skull

55
Q

ethmoid bone

A

separates nasal cavity from brain

56
Q

zygomatic bones (2)

A

also known as cheekbones or molar bones, they form the prominence of the cheeks and outer part of the eye socket

57
Q

lacrimal bones (2)

A

two small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets (orbits)

58
Q

nasal bones (2)

A

two bones that form the bridge of the nose

59
Q

maxillae bones (2)

A

tow bones that form the upper jaw

60
Q

mandible

A

largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw

61
Q

cervical vertebrae (7)

A

seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure and flexibility to the neck

62
Q

clavicle

A

also known as collarbone, it joins the sternum and scapula

63
Q

hyoid bone

A

u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and it ‘s muscles; the only bone of the throat

64
Q

scapula (2)

A

also called the shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder; there are two scapulae

65
Q

humerus

A

uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

66
Q

ulna

A

inner and greater bone in the forearm located on the side of the little finger

67
Q

radius

A

smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

68
Q

phalanges

A

also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; three in each finger and two in each thumb

69
Q

carpus (8)

A

also known as the wrist; flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones called carpals

70
Q

metacarpus (5)

A

five bones, or metacarpals, of the palm located between the carpus and phalanges

71
Q

patella

A

also called the kneecaps; forms the kneecap joint

72
Q

tibia

A

also known as shinbone, its the larger of the two leg bones below the knee one the big toe side that supports most of the body’s weight

73
Q

fibula

A

located on the little- toe side of the lower leg; smaller of the tow leg bones below the knee

74
Q

talus

A

also called the ankle bone; between the heel bone; tibia, and fibia

75
Q

phalanges (14)

A

also known as digits; there are fourteen total with two in each big toe and three in each smaller toe

76
Q

tarsals (7)

A

seven irregularly shaped bones in the ankle area including the talus, calcaneus (heel), navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones

77
Q

metatarsals (5)

A

five long, slender bones similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand

78
Q

Circulatory System

A

FUNCTION: controls blood movement throughout the body
MAJOR ORGANS: heart, blood vessels

79
Q

Digestive System

A

FUNCTION: breaks down food into nutrients or waste for nutrition or excretion
MAJOR ORGANS: stomach, intestines, esophagus, salivary glands

80
Q

Endocrine System

A

FUNCTION: controls hormone levels within the body that determine growth, development, reproduction, and health of entire body
MAJOR ORGANS: endocrine glands, hormones

81
Q

Excretory System

A

FUNCTION: eliminates waste from the body, reducing the buildup of toxins
MAJOR ORGANS: kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, lungs

82
Q

Lymphatic System

A

FUNCTION: protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying pathogens and toxins
MAJOR ORGANS: lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen

83
Q

Integumentary System

A

FUNCTION: provides a protective covering and regulates body temperature
MAJOR ORGANS: skin, oil glands, sweat glands, hair, nails

84
Q

Muscular System

A

FUNCTION: covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; muscles contract to allow for movement for body structures
MAJOR ORGANS: muscles

85
Q

Nervous System

A

FUNCTIONS: coordinates all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment
MAJOR ORGANS: brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes

86
Q

Reproductive System

A

FUNCTION: produces offspring and differentiates males from females as assigned at birth
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: uterus, ovaries, penis, testes

87
Q

Respiratory System

A

FUNCTION: makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through respiration; eliminates carbon dioxide
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: lungs, air passages

88
Q

Skeletal System

A

FUNCTION: forms the physical foundation of the body: composed of 206 bones connected by moveable and immovable joints
MAJOR ORGANS: bones, joints

Cosmetology (8 decks)

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