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skin structure and function Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

The skin provides a ________ that regulates water loss

A

physical barrier

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2
Q

Skin protects against

A

mechanical, chemical, and microbial insults

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3
Q

chronic skin condition associated with barrier dysfunction of filaggrin

A

atopic dermatitis

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4
Q

atopic dermatitis

A
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5
Q

The skin helps maintain ___________ with the insulating properties of fat and hair

A

constant body tomperature

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6
Q

Temperature regulation: Accelerating heat loss with _________ and a dense superficial microbasculature

A

sweat production

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7
Q

dysfunction of temperature regulation

A

hyper or hypothermia

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8
Q

the dark pigment ______ in the _____ protects the cells against Ultraviolet radiation

A

melanin

epidermis

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9
Q

Dysfuntion of _________ causes the patient to be more susceptible to skin cancer

A

melanin

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10
Q

_____________ receptors allow constant monitoring of the environment

A

sensory

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11
Q

_______ in the skin are important for interaction with physical objects

A

mechanoreceptors

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12
Q

itching

A

pruritis

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13
Q

dysesthesia

A

abnormal sesnation

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14
Q

four phases of cutaneous wound repair process

A
  • coagulation
  • inflammation
  • proliferative-migratory phase (tissue formation)
  • remodeling
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15
Q

loss of ability to repair injury leads to

A

delayed wound healing

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16
Q

HIV associated lipoatrophy

A

loss of fat throught the face, atrophy of buccal fat pads gives the appearance of facial wasting

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17
Q

three layers of the skin

A

epidermis

dermis

subcutis

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18
Q

topmost layer of skin and its composition

A

epidermis consists primarily of keratinocytes

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19
Q

contents of dermis

A

fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibers

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20
Q

deepest layer of skin

A

subcutis or hypodermis

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21
Q

subcutis cells

A

fat and larger blood vessels

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22
Q

layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum

(stratum lucideum)

stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum basale

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23
Q

it takes _______ for basal cells to reach the stratum corneum

A

2 weeks

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24
Q

it takes _____ for epidermal cells to shed

A

2 weeks

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25
Q

which layer does epidermal cell division happen?

A

basal layer

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26
Q

keratinocytes start in basal layer and move

A

upward

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27
Q

most common form of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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28
Q

basal cell carcinoma histology

A

pearly, erythematous papules or plaues with rolled borders and telangectasias in sun exposed areas

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29
Q

spinous layer

A

center of epidermous

has a spiny appearance due to desmosomal junctions which hold keratinocytes together

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30
Q

lipids produced by the keratinocytes in the_____ cell layer and secreted into the exgtracellular space between the keratinocytes forms a ______ that keeps ___ in the skin

A

granular

water barrier

water

31
Q

stratum corneum

A

desquamating keratinocytes

thick outer layers of flattened keratinized non nucleated cells provide a barrier against trauma and infections

32
Q

stratum corneum is similar to

A

brick and mortar

brick - flattened keratinocytes with keratin and fillagrin

mortar - lipid mixture, which surrounds the keratinocytes and provides the water barrier

33
Q

_____ retains water within the keratinocytes and is found in what cell layer?

A

filaggrin

granular

34
Q

bullous pemphigoid

A

autoimmune blistering disease with autoantibodies to antigents on hemidesmosomes that anchor basal layer to dermis

presents as tense bullae on an erythematous base

epidermis forms roof of blister and dermis forms base

35
Q

Psoriasis

A

the rate of epidermal turnover is increased

scaling of startum corneum

36
Q

in psoriasis, the accelarated rate of movement through the epidermis doesn’t allow adequate time for ______ which is recognized as _____

A

differentiation

scale

37
Q

what condition?

A

HIV lipoatrophy

38
Q

layers of skin

A
39
Q
A

bullous pemphigoid

epidermis and bottom layer is dermis

40
Q
A

psoriasis

41
Q

three types of cells in epidermis

A

keratinocytes

melanocytes

langerhans cells

42
Q

majority of cells in epidermis

A

keratinocytes

43
Q

keratinocytes are held together by

A

desmosomes

44
Q

melanocytes

what they produce

where they are found

A

staggered along the basal layer about 1 in every 10 keratinocytes

produce and transfer a pigment called melanin in the basal layer

45
Q

melanocytic nevi

A

moles, benign collections of melanocytes

46
Q

melanoma

A

malignancy of melanocytes

47
Q
A

melanoma

48
Q

langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells found in the mid-epidermis

49
Q

Langerhans cells function in the ______ lumb of the immune response by …

A

afferent

providing for the recognition, uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens to sensitized T lymphocutes

50
Q

langerhans cells are important in the induction of

A

delayed hypersensitivity reactions

51
Q

common skin disease in which langerhans play a prominent role is

A

allergic contact dermatitis

52
Q

what cells are these

A

langerhans cells

53
Q
A

contact dermatitis from poison oak

54
Q

layers of the dermis

A

papillary dermis

reticular dermis

55
Q
A
56
Q
A

red = epidermis

blue= sebaceous gland

green = reticular dermis

yellow = hair follicle

57
Q

how thick is the dermis?

A

thicker than epidermis

between 1-4 mm thick

58
Q

contents of dermis

A

blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves which supply the skin

sweat glands and hair follices

59
Q

types of cells in the dermis

A

fibroblasts and mast cells

60
Q

______ are responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins

A

fibroblasts

61
Q

these cells are instrumental in wound helaing and scarring

A

fibroblasts

62
Q

keloids

A

abnormal scars - result from uncontrolled synthesis and excessive deposition of colalgen at sites of prior dermal injury and wound repair

63
Q

mast cells

A

specialized cells that are responsible for immediate- type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin

release histamine

64
Q

major effector cell in urticaria

A

mast cell

65
Q

urticaria

A

vascular reaction of the skin characterized by wheals surrounded by a red halo or flare

66
Q
A

keloids

67
Q

The fat layer which separates the dermis from deeper underlying structures such as fascia and muscles

A

subcutis

68
Q

subcutis

A

insulates the body, serves as an energy supply, cushions and protects the skin, and allows for mobility over underlying structures

69
Q

erythema nodusum

A

panniculitis (inflamation of the subcutis)

deep seated erythematous nodules typically on the shins

may be idopathic or a reaction to infections, medications or autoimmune (crohns) disease

70
Q

pilosebaceous unit

A

hair/oil gland unit

  1. hair follicle
  2. sebaceous (oil) glands
  3. apocrine sweat glands (axillary and anogenital)
  4. arrector pili muscle - goosebumps
71
Q

acne vulgaris

A

disorder of the pilsebaceous unit

  • plugging of hair follicle as a result of abnormal keratinizatino of the upper portion
    p. acnes bacteria in the hair follcle lives on oil and breaks it down to free fatty acids which cause inflammation
72
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat glands that do not involve the hair follicle

open directly onto the skin so cooling evaporation can take place

73
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A

a skin infection caused by HIV

74
Q
A

molluscum contagio\sum

Derm (8 decks)

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