Skin speed-round Flashcards
What causes pyoderma?
Skin: Staphylococcus spp. intermedius / pseudintermedius
(dogs)
Oral: Pasteurella spp. / Streptococcus spp. (kittens)
Describe pyoderma lesion
Superficial - pustular dermatitis
Deep - Folliculitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, cellulitis
Virulence factors pyoderma (Staph)
Staph = gram positive coccus (grape)
- Capsular polysaccharide, teichoic acids, protein A - Interfere with phagocytosis
- Catalase - Aids in survival within phagocytes
- Coagulase - Shield from phagocytic cells
Pyoderma tx
Resolve with time
Topical antiseptic shampoo
AM (6-8 weeks) look at slide for more details
What causes exudative epidermitis? + characteristics
Staphylococcus hyicus
Gram positive coccus
Describe lesion of exudative epidermitis?
Extensive, non-pruritic dermatitis with a greasy exudate - Excess sebacious secretion, exfoliation, cellulitis, scabs, blisters and
pustules
Virulence factor exudative epidermitis
Exfoliative toxin - disrupts cell attachment
Exudative epidermitis tx
AM (5 days) system or topical
Hydration
What causes Swine erysipelas + characteristics?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - Gram-positive, catalase-negative rod
Virulence factors of swine erysipelas?
- Capsule -> protects against phagocytosis
- Neuraminidase -> adherence to endothelial cells
Tx swine erysipelas?
AM (3-6) Penicillin or tetracycline in water or feed
Can vax
Chronic infection not really treatable
Lesion of swine erysipelas?
Diamond shaped erythema (pathognomonic)
Dermatophilus congolensis characteristics and what is causes
Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria (long chain of branching cocci)
Cutaneous streptotrichosis, lumpy wool, strawberry foot rot, rain rot
Dermatophilus congolensis virulence factors?
Phospolipases and proteolytic enzymes - help to invade skin
Describe lesion of Dermatophilus congolensis?
Raised scab like crusts containing filaments with zoospores
Dermatophilus congolensis tx
- Resolve on its own
- AM - systemically
Topically AM don’t work, use providone-iodine or chlorhex shampoo
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis characteristics and what is causes
Gram-positive rod (bacillus) and coccus. Subtype equipment and ovis.
- Caseous lymphadenitis -> Small ruminants
- Ulcerative lymphangitis -> Horses (a.k.a. pigeon fever or false strangles)
- Cutaneous granulomas -> Cattle
Virulence factors Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
- Phospholipase D -> ability to invade
- Mycolic acid -> protects from the immune system
Lesion Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Chronic abscesses on limbs (cattle + horse) and abdomen (horse) and systemic illness (horse)
Tx Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Cattle - naaah, or shampoo
Horses - lance and drain abscess, AM, fly control
What causes canine nocardiosis + characteristics?
Nocardia spp. - gram-positive, rods that form filaments
Virulence factors canine nocardiosis?
- Superoxide dismutase
- Catalase
Both help intracellular survival
Lesion nocardiosis?
Cutaneous form -> indolent ulcer or pyogranulomatous lesions with draining tracts - firm nodules, abscesses, fistulous tracts, and extensive
fibrosis
Tx canine nocardiosis?
sx removal
AM - Amikacin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole -> at least 6 weeks
Characteristic on Pasteurella multocida and what it likes to infect?
Gram negative coccobacillus
Most common cause of bite and scratch wound infections (and cellulitis in humans after cat bite)
Virulence factors P. multocida?
Adhesins
Lesion with P. multocida
Cellulitis
Tx P. multocida
Drain pus & AM (Ampicillin, cefazolin, amoxicillinclavulanate,
cefovecin)
Common causes sx wound infection dogs?
Staph pseudintermedius, Staph aureus, Streptococcus spp., coliforms
Common causes sx wound infection cats?
Staph spp., Strep spp., coliforms, Pasteurella multocida
Tx sx infection
Broadspectum AM - Clavulanic acid-amoxicillin or ampicillin-sulbactam.
