Skin & Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards
how can skin and soft tissue infections be classified?
- by microbe
- by anatomy
what are the different types of microbial groups that can cause skin and soft tissue infections?
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
what type of microbe is S. aureus?
gram positive cocci bacteria
what is a virulence factor of S. aureus?
Payton Valentine Leukocidin toxin (kills white cells)
what is meant by a ‘cocci’ bacteria?
round shaped bacterium
are S. aureus normally seen in chains or clumps?
clumps
what disease can occur as a result of infection with S. aureus?
Angular cheilitis (inflammation of angles of the mouth)
what are the different types of S. aureus microbes? what do the
- Methicillin SENSITIVE
- Methicillin RESISTANT
the clones of which division of S. aureus produces community acquired MRSA?
Methicillin resistant S. Aureus
what is Panton-Valentine Leucocidin?
bacterial exotoxin
what occurs if a patient is infected with Payton-Valentine Leucocidin positive S. aureus?
- S. aureus produces PVL subunits
- PVL sub-units form pores
- pores attach themselves to a leukocyte
- causes the cell to release inflammatory mediators
what is a clinical effect of PVL positive S. aureus?
- necrotising pneumonia
- recurrent skin infections
what type of microbe is S. pyogenes?
gram positive cocci bacteria CHAINS
what is a virulence factor of S. pyogenes?
- superantigens
- toxic shock syndrome
what is the function of superantigens?
they cause a huge disregulation of the immune response
how does toxic shock syndrome occur?
- S. pyogenes releases superantigens
- superantigens attack T lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes release cytokines
- stimulates TSS
what bacteria is responsible for cellulitis?
S. pyogenes
what classification of microbe does S. anginosus fall under?
gram positive cocci bacteria (chains or clump)
what is a virulence factor of the S. anginosus group?
intermedilysin (cytotoxin that causes lysis of cells)
what type of microbe are anaerobes?
gram positive rod-shaped bacteria that live and grow without oxygen
what type of microbe is Clostridium Welchii?
an anaerobe
what is a virulence factor of C. Welchii?
alpha toxin (lecithinase) - lecithin is a fatty acid found in our cell membranes, this virulence factor is very potent at breaking down cell membranes
what type of reaction is used to detect alpha toxin & help confirm identity of C. welchii?
The Nagler reaction
what disease can occur as a result of anaerobes?
gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis)
what type of microbe does the Herpes simplex group fall under?
virus
what is a virulence factor of the herpes simplex virus?
cell lysis
what classification of microbe does Candida Alibicans fall under?
fungi
what is a virulence factor of Candida Albicans?
phospholipase (breaks down phospholipids in our cells)
where is Candida Albicans most commonly seen orally?
On the hard palate as a result of denture stomatitis
what are the different types of anatomical groups that skin and soft tissue diseases can be classified under?
- superficial
- deeper tissues
what is a disease of the epidermis?
- impetigo & angular cheilitis
