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SAM 4 > Skin - pyoderma, fungal skin diseases, normergic dermatitis > Flashcards

Skin - pyoderma, fungal skin diseases, normergic dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Pyoderma is usually caused by:

A
  • Coagulase positive staphylococci:
  • -> Staph. pseudointermedius
  • -> Staph. aureus
  • -> Staph. schleiferi
  • Coagulase negative staph.
  • micrococci
  • less frequent by:
  • -> alpha-hemolsysis strept.
  • -> gram - rods: pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, E.coli
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2
Q

Types of Pyoderma

A
  1. Surface pyoderma (involves the superficial horny layer - str. corneum)
    - Acute moist dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, hot spot
    - skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)
  2. Superficial pyoderma
    - Impetigo (juvenile pustular dermatitis, puppy pyoderma, nonfollicular pustule)
    - superficial folliculitis
  3. Deep pyoderma (bacterial infection of the skin beneath the hair follicle involving both dermal and subcuticular tissues - furuncle: rupture of follicle)
    - muzzle, chin folliculitis and furunculosis (canine acne)
    - nasal pyoderma
    - interdigital pyoderma (pododermatitis)
    - pressure point pyoderma (callus pyoderma)
    - GS pyoderma
    - pyotraumatic folliculitis
    - generalized deep folliculitis, furunculosis and cellulitis
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3
Q

Surface pyoderma:

- Acute moist dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, hot spot

A
  • any (long haired) breeds + hot, humid weather
  • self trauma perpetuates the problem: (itch-lick-chew cycle)
  • lesions develop rapidly
  • several underlying causes (e.g. flea, otitis, paraproctitis, neurosis)
  • Treatment:
  • eliminate the underlying cause!
    + clipping, shampoos (disinfacting, drying) short term CS + antibiotics topically
    (parenterally)
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4
Q

Surface pyoderma:

- skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)

A
  • anatomical „defects”: warm+ humid + dark microenvironment + self-trauma
  • Types:
  • lip fold: c. spaniels
  • facial fold: brachycephalic breeds
  • vulvar fold pyoderma: obese, too early spayed bitches
  • tail fold pyoderma: corkscrew tail
  • body fold pyoderma
    -generalized: shar-pei
  • Treatment:
  • plastic surgary or
    everyday cleansing by disinfectant, drying powder, solutions, suspensions, shampoos (benzoil-peroxid)
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5
Q

Superficial pyoderma:

- Impetigo (juvenile pustular dermatitis, puppy pyoderma, nonfollicular pustule)

A
  • subcorneal (beneath str corneum) pyoderma:
  • on the face, ventral abdomen, and axilla pustules, papules, and yellow crusts
  • young puppies prior to puberty
  • may be asymptomatic
  • underlying problems:
  • ectoparasites, endoparasites
    poor nutrition, unhygienic environment
  • Treatment:
  • treat the underlying cause,
    + antibacterial shampoos (ethyl-lactate, chlorhexidine,(benzoyl peroxide) in every 2-4 days
    for 2 weeks, then +/- antibiotics (but NO CS!!!)
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6
Q

Superficial pyoderma:

- Superficial folliculitis

A
  • bacterial infection at the level of the intact hair follicle or at the epidermis immediately below the str. corneum
  • any age, but more common in young dogs
  • variable lesions:
  • papules, pustules with hair protruding, crusts, epidermal collarettes, “moth-eaten” alopecia +/- pruritus
  • IT IS ALWAYS SECONDARY PROBLEM (atopy, FA, parasites, endocrine disorders, immunosuppression, etc.)
  • Treatment:
  • underlying cause, antibacterial drugs for min 3 weeks systematicly, + topically (but NO CS!!!)
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7
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- what can cause it

A
  • Staphylococcus pseudintermedius +/- other bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli)

+ underlying cause always present (demodicosis, foreign body, dermatophyte infection, endocrine disorder, immunodeficiency, CSs)

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8
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- muzzle, chin folliculitis and furnculosis (canine acne)

A

Great danes, boxers, Dobermann, Hungarian Vizsla

Treatment: systemic antibacterial drugs + topical

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9
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- nasal pyoderma

A
  • doliocephalic breeds

- treatment: antibiotics 6+x+2 weeks, elisabethan collar

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10
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- interdigital pyoderma (pododermatitis)

A
  • short coated breeds
    Underlying factors: e.g.:
  • foreign body, Demodex, atopy, trauma

Clinical signs: The feet may be swollen, painful, discharged pus, alopecia due to licking, paronychia;
In chronic cases: nodules, ulceration, fistulae, furunculosis

Treatment: treat the underlying cause, surgical drainage,
bathing the feet in saline, systemic antibact. therapy autogenous vaccines, immunestim. (?) e.g. levamisole

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11
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- Pressure point pyoderma (callus pyoderma)

A

Occurrence: large breed dogs:

  • elbows, hocks, sternum
  • The skin thickens, then if repeated trauma:deep pyoderma

Treatment: antibacterial drugs, + check for underlying problems (soft bed)

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12
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- GS pyoderma

A

Lesions:
- papules, pustules, furunculosis, hyperpigmentation, alopecia

Localization:
- gluteal region, ventral abdomen, dorsum, thighs (generalized)

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13
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- pyotraumatic folliculitis

A

golden/labrador retrievers, St. Bernards, rottweiler

mimics acute moist dermatitis
no response on cleansing and CS-therapy

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14
Q

Deep pyoderma:

- generalized deep folliculitis, furunculosis and cellulitis

A
  • This is the most severe type of deep pyoderma underlying factors are present!
  • The lesions occur anywhere but especially pronounced on the trunk and ventral abdomen
  • Treatment: very long antibacterial therapy (iv!!!),
    + whirlpool bathing + immunostimulation+ underlyings
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15
Q

Classification of Fungal skin diseases

A
  1. superficial mycosis
  2. subcutaneois mycosis
  3. systemic mycosis
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16
Q

Superficial mycosis:

- dermatophytosis (ringworm)

A
  • dogs and cats
  • etiology: microsporum canis, M. gypseum, M. persicolor. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, T. terrestre
  • direct contact/contaminated materials from the environment
  • zoonosis
  • Clinical signs:
  • Dogs: patchy alopecia, plaques, folliculitis, scales, crusts, (nails)
  • Cats: ‘cigarette-ash’-like, patchy alopecia, miliary dermatitis, crusts,

Can be ASYMPTOMATIC! And/or LESIONS ON THE OWNER!
* Self limiting disease in healthy animals (lack of immunity?)
• Diagnosis: most accurate diagnosis: culturing !!!
- (dermatophyte test medium (DTM))
• (Wood’s lamp, KOH preparations by microscopy, biopsy (PAS staining)

17
Q

Superficial mycosis

- Malassezia pachydermatitis (pityrosporum canis)

A
  • normal commensal of the ears –> otitis externa
  • usually secondary to: allergodermatitis, endocrinopathies, etc.
  • rarely generalized dermatosis by itself:
  • alopecia, scaling, pruritic –> seborrhoea, lichenification
  • Diagnosis: cytology (Diff-Quick staining)
    (IF microscopy, culture – sample in test medium to send)
18
Q

Types of Normergic dermatitis

A
  • Primary irritant contact dermatitis (normergic dermatitis)
  • Nasal solar dermatitis (collie-nose dermatitis = DLE= Discoid lupus erythematosus)
  • burns
  • frost bite
19
Q

Normergic dermatits:

- Primary irritant contact dermatitis:

A
  • must be different form contact hypersensitivity, more common than contact hypersensitivity
  • Etiology:
  • Absolute cause: acids and alkalis
  • Relative cause: detergents, soaps, solvents
  • flea collars (fitted too tightly); or can be allergic against it
  • Clinical signs:
  • localization: any area where the hair is sparse; ventral surface of the abdomen, axilla, interdigital space, perineum, scrotum
  • Treatment:
  • find the irritating substance and remove it
  • bathing
  • topical CS-ointments
20
Q

Normergic dermatits

- Nasal solar dermatitis (Collie-nose dermatitis = Discoid lupus erythematosus)

A
  • Cause: unknown, collies are predisposed, phototoxic reaction to UV radiation; seasonal occurence in the early stages with increasing severity by the time going
  • Localisation: in unpigmented skin (nose, eyelipds, lips)
  • Clinical signs:
  • erytherma, alopecia around the nose, crusting, ulceration, exudation (risk! squamous cell carcinoma)
  • Treatment:
  • avoid sunlight, use topical GC, and PABA-containing sunscreen agents
21
Q

Normergic dermatits

- burns

A
  • Types:
  • Full thickness: destruction of the epidermis + adnexa
  • parial thickness: reepithelization is possible secondary pyoderma is common
  • Clinical signs:
  • pain, skin over the affected area becomes dry and hard (secondary infections)
  • if necrosis is on > 25% of the body surface: systemic illness
  • Treatment:
  • remove necrotic tissue, gentle bathing and cleaning, hydrating, pain killer (opioids, NSAIDs not enough), hepatic support
22
Q

Normergic dermatits

- Frost bite

A
  • Occurrence: rare, -30*C for prolonged times
  • Common sites: tips of the tail, ears, scrotum, toes
  • Treatment: thaw rapidly in warm water, topical antibact creams, surgical debridement

SAM 4 (6 decks)

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