Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK II Exam I > Skin Pathology Review (Gomez) > Flashcards

Skin Pathology Review (Gomez) Flashcards

1
Q

papule versus nodule

A

papule - 5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vesicle

A

blister that is <5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bulla

A

> 5 mm fluid filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acantholysis

A

Loss of intercellular cohesion between keratinocytes

seen in pemhigus vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

acanthosis

A

diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

seen in acanthosis nigricans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells below the stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hydropic swelling

A

Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lentiginous

A

A linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parakeratosis

where is this normal?

A

Keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum. On mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal

seen in psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spongiosis

A

Intercellular edema of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lamellar/pacinian corpuscle

A

encapsulated nerve ending

pressure receptors

found in deep dermis or hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

meissner

A

touch receptors

confined to dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
FGF3
postage stamp
middle age or older
sometimes stimulate malignant melanoma
proliferation of epidermal basal cells
A

seborrheic keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is Leser-Trelat

A

Sign of Leser-Trélat – acute onset of Seborrheic keratoses with malignancies (GI mostly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyperpigmentation

Epidermal hyperplasia of Stratum Spinosum

A

acanthosis nigricans

check for malignant adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is cowden syndrome

A

multiple tircholemmomas (hair follicle adnexal tumor)

dominant inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is Muir Torre Syndrome

A

sebaceous adenomas with association colorectal malignancy (variant of lynch syndrome HNPCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a cylindroma

A

on the forehead and scalp

adnexal tumor involving the eccrine gland (sweat gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a Turban tumor

A

massive confluent cylindromas on the forehead like a turban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Benign soft tissue neoplasm seen in adults, frequently on the legs of young – middle aged women

Tan-brown papules which are usually small (less than 1.0 cm) and may occasionally be tender

A

Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypermelanosis characterized by development of sharply demarcated blotchy, brown macules on face
Symmetrical distribution over the cheeks and forehead
Less frequently on upper lip and neck

appears in women

Occurs:
During pregnancy
In women taking oral contraceptives
At menopause

A

melasma

increase in melanin but not number of melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is solar lentigo

A

Definition: benign, discrete hyperpigmented macule occurring on chronically sun exposed skin in adults, especially on the back of the hands and the forehead.

Cause: Increased melanin pigment in keratinocytes
Variable increase in number of junctional melanocytes

Note: Term “lentigo or lentiginous” means a proliferation of melanocytes.Lentigines arepigmented macules on skin and mucosa.

Lentigo maligna is the name given to an in situ melanoma arising in sun exposed skin of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the cause of acute transient vitiligo

A

Vitiligo, Acute Transient: Treat people with normally dark pigmented skin with a keratinolytic agents that removes layers of keratinocytes. The results are dramatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

defect in tyrosinase, an enzyme necessary for melanin production

A

albinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

acquired mutations in components of the Ras signaling pathway”
NRAS and BRAF

A

Melanocytic (Nevocellular) Nevi

Benign Neoplasms of Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Increased telomerase activity from mutated TERT gene is present in 70%

A

of skin melanomas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

kit mutations seen in what

A

non sun exposed melanomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what mutations are seen in both dysplastic nevus and melanoma familial syndromes?

A

P16 inhibition is inhibited by CDKN2A mutations

CDK4 mutations block p16 inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cutaneous horn
premalignant
increased risk for SCC

A

actinic solar keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rapidly growing (days-weeks) neoplasm; occurs on sun-exposed areas (face, hands) of older adults (men more than women)

Often involutes and clears spontaneously within 3 to 4 months

A

Keratoacanthoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

autosomal dominant disorder
multiple basal cell carcinomas before age 20
pits of the palms and soles

odontogenic keratocysts
medulloblastomas
ovarian fibromas

A

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Malignant superficial fibroblastic neoplasm (fibrosarcoma of skin)

Locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes

Bednar tumor is pigmented variant

Translocation of COL1A1 and PDGFB → ↑PDGFB

storiform (swirling) of spindled cells

A

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CD4+ T-cell lymphoma of the skin (CLA, CCR4 & CCR10)
Aggressive neoplasm with median survival 8-9 years (M>F)
Phases
inflammatory erythrodermic pre-mycotic patch
plaque
tumor

A

mycosis fungoides

34
Q

generalized exfoliative erythroderma (red man)

lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly

T cell lymphoma

cerebriform nuclei

suvival <3 years

A

sezary syndrome

35
Q 
type IV hypersensitivity 
epidermal edema 
lymphocytes in dermis and epidermis
pediatrics
papuovesicular lesions "boiling over"

flexure surfaces

A

eczema

36
Q

Hypersensitivity (CD8+ cytotoxic T cells) reaction to drugs, infections, malignancy, collagen vascular disorders
Infections: Herpes simplex, deep fungal (Histoplasmosis), Salmonella typii, Leprosy
Drugs: Antibiotics, Salicylates, Anti-malarials

A

erythema multiforme

37
Q

steven johnson syndrome

A

extensive symptomatic febrile form of erythema multiforme

children

erosions and hemorrhagic crusts involving the lips, and oral mucosa

38
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

variant of erythema multiforme

diffuse necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosal epithelilal surface s

infection and fluid loss are the major concerns

39
Q

Involves skin regions with high density of sebaceous glands (oil or sebum production)
scalp, forehead, especially glabella (space between upper eyebrow), nasolabial folds, skin of auditory canal, intergluteal folds)
Excessive dandruff in scalp common
Not due to sebaceous gland abnormality
Infection with superficial yeast (Malassezia furfur) may play important role since condition is improved by use of topical antifungal agents

A

seborrheic dermatitis

40
Q

Affects skin of elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral area, intergluteal cleft, and glans penis

Typical lesion: well-demarcated, pink- to salmon plaque
Many different clinical presentations
HLA-Cw*0602 association – increased CD4+TH1 sensitized cells set off other T-cells causing increased cytokines leading to epidermal proliferation.

auspitz sign

A

psoriasis

41
Q 
Fairly common in 30-60 y/o females
Stages
Pre-rosacea (flushing)
Erythematotelengiectatic
Papulopustular
Phymatous
Pathophysiology uncertain
Numerous triggers
Abnormal cathelicidin may lead to inflammation
Perifollicular inflammation with changes similar to acne vulgaris microscopically
A

rosacea

42
Q

Involves mucosa and scalp, face, axilla, groin and other pressure points;

IgG antibodes against desmosomes

A 
classic bullous disease
Pemphigus vulgaris (80%):

In pemphigus vulgaris, autoantibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3 cause blisters in the deep suprabasal epidermis,

43
Q

more benign course; involves face, scalp, chest and back and spares mucous membranes
Epidemic form occurs in South America (fogo salvagem)

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

in pemphigus foliaceus, the autoantibodies are against Dsg1 alone, leading to superficial, subcorneal blisters.

44
Q

Common in children and adolescents
generally self-limited – present 6 months - 3 years (unless a friendly relative intervenes)
Etiology: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) with over 150 subtypes of virus
most common cutaneous variety in humans is 2/4 and in anogenital 6/11
Distinct, gray-white to tan 0.1 to 1.0 cm papules
firm consistency, “cobble-stone” (roughed surface), firm to palpation.

A

verruca vulgaris

45
Q

most common site where melanoma might metastasize

A

liver

elevated alk phos

46
Q

the rash that itches

atopic eczema - mediated by IgE - AC fossa
prone to which infection

A

staph

toll like receptor 2 is the protein that is involved in the innate immune system which is activated in areas where there are blocked sweat ducts in the cases of eczema

use steroids to treat

47
Q

8 year old that has lost none of his teeth
high IgE levels
history of staph abscesses
atopic eczema

A

has phagocytic dysfunction

Job’s ! -> hyper IgE and decreased IL-8/NCF

IL-8 is needed for white cells to chemotact to the right area

recurrent bacterial infections/abscess

increased IL-5–> more eo’s

increased IL-4–> acts on TH2 response pathway

48
Q

thrombocytopenia and eczema

combinded immunodeficiency

A

Wiskott Aldrich

49
Q

what is nummular eczema

A

lots of spots,
worse in the winter and with water?
coin shaped
treat with steroids

50
Q

what causes psoriasis to flare up?

A

stopping steroids
certain drugs–> b-blockers, lithium, interferon

strep

itching

sudden flare up may be a marker for HIV

51
Q

what do psoriatic plaque and atherosclerotic disease have in common

A

basic problem in ASVD and psoriasis is suppressed T reg cells and hyperactive T helper 1 Thepler 17 cells

52
Q

oil drop spots

nail pits

A

psoriasis

53
Q

where on the nail do fungal infections start?

A

distal portion

so if you see proximal superficial onychomyocosis think of trichophyton rubrum and AIDS!

54
Q

worsens with cushings, malnutritions, or immunosuppression (steroids- help this grow)

dull yellow fluorescence under wood light

more prominent in sunlight

this is what

A

malassezia furfur- tinea versicolor on the trunk

scrapings show spaghettie and meatballs

55
Q

coral pink fluorescence under wood’s lamp

A

corynebacterium

56
Q

green on woodlamp

A 
cat ringworm (microsporum canis) 
tinea
57
Q

urine is wine red
and coral red when under woodlamp

Woman: BCP’s, hep C, elevated ALT

Man- increased temporal hair growth and exposure to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons

what is the disease

A

porphyria

HUD deficiency

pt’s with urogen decarboxylase deficiency will have high levels of uroporphyrinogen and it is photosensitive –> deposits supepidermal

caterpillar bodies

58
Q

coLD agglutinins
dry cough
target lesions - erythema multiforme

A

atypical pneumonia with mycoplasma

59
Q

in the west which drugs cause steven johnson/ toxic epidermal necrolysis

east?

A

oxicam NSAID’s (peroxicam)
sulfas

east–> carbamazepine (tegretol) - check for HLA-B1502

allopurinol - HLA- B5801

60
Q

what pathway does steven johnons work by

A

death receptor FasR

61
Q

which organism is associated with lymphoreticular malignancies, colon or gyn malignancies

A

clostridium septicum

combination of aerobic and anaerobic cellulitis and necrotizing fascitis

62
Q

h0t tub folliculitis

A

pseudomonal aeruginosa

63
Q

a child with impetigo may be in danger of devloping what

A

glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
post streptococcal
strep pyogenes is the second most common cause

64
Q

what is a cause of rosacea

A

demodex mit (bacillus olernius)

65
Q

borrelia burgdorferi stage I

A

flu sydnrome with rahs (erythema chronicum migrans)

66
Q

stage II borrelia burgdorfer

A 
heart block
joints
nerves (bell's palsy)
skin
rash
67
Q

stage III borrelia burgdoferi

A

joints and CNS and PNS

oligoarthritis, ecephalitis/memory loss, neuropathies

68
Q

more common in orientals
associated with Hep C
sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal epidermal junction

A

lichen planus

6’ p’s

69
Q

herpes type 8

A

kaposi sarcoma

if associated with HIV/immunosuppression its on head neck region

70
Q

if a patient has pityriasis and herald patch what else should you check for

A

syphilis

71
Q

ssDNA virus

glove and stocking purpuritic syndrome

slapped cheeks

worse after exercise (due to 5th’s disease)

A

parovirus B19

if parents get it they can get endocarditis, arthritis, and hemolytic anemia

72
Q

rash spread cephalocaudad

togavirus +SS RNA

forchheimer spots (red dots back of throat)

maculopapular rash

lymphadenoopahty (postauricular)

blueberry muffin rash

A

German measles (Rubella)

73
Q

koplik spots

fever, conjunctivitis, coryza -runny nose, cough

paramyxovirus (- SS RNA)

rash on head, spreads to trunk, then extremities

becomes confluent on face and trunk

A

Rubeola (measles)

74
Q

what is DRESS

A

drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome

2-6 weeks after start of new medicine

acral edema–> generalized rash–> pinpoint pustules–> desquamation

lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, abnormal LFT’s

IL5 disease

HHV6 or HHV 7 poisiitve

75
Q

poison ivy is what type of reaction

A

type IV a Gell-Combs (TH1 with macrophage activation)

76
Q

what is the cause of angioedema

A

ACEinhibitors
ARB’s
acquired C1 esterase deficiency –> sets off bradykinin
–> screen with C4 which will be low

77
Q

how can stress cause hives

A

b/c CRH increase stimulates mast cells

78
Q

what type of reaction is bee sting

A

type I IgE reaction

79
Q

what causes direct activation of mast cells without IgE

A

Anaphylactoid- non IgE degranulation

C5a
CRH
thermal and mechanical stimulation
radiocontrast dyes
opioids 
shellfish
80
Q

PAS positive staining
CD4 T cells in the epidermis
patch- plaque- tumor

A

mycosis fungoides

81
Q

RO/SSA
photosensitive
positive band test

offspring will have what

A

heart block

this is chronic cutaneous lupus erythematous

82
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A

1st oral contraceptives
2nd streptococcus

TB
pregnancy
coccidioomycosis
ulcerative colitis 
sarcoid

MSK II Exam I (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions