skin neoplasms Flashcards
Arsenic is a risk factor for which skin neoplasm?
squamous cell carcinoma
What are the biopsy findings that are characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?
basophilic-staining basal epiderma cells arranged in palisades
Why can’t shave biopsies be done for suspicious melanotic lesions?
not enough tissue for clear dx and cannot be used to measure lesion depth
What are the 4 kinds of melanoma?
superficial spreading, nodular, acral lentiginous(involving palms, soles, and nails), lentigo maligna (long lasting in situ phase before any vertical growth)
What is nodular melanoma?
most growth occurs vertically; rapidly invasive lesion, difficult to detect
How is melanoma treated surgically?
In situ: 0.5 cm margin
2 mm thick: 2 cm margin with possible lymph node dissection
chemo and radiation if metastatic
What are common sites of metastatic melanoma?
lung, brain, GI tract, but really can go anywhere
What is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma?
thickness of lesion: >0.76 mm is associated with incr. risk of mets
How does treatment for PEA differ from treatment for Vfib/Vtach without pulse?
Vfib and pulseless vtach should be treated with CPR, 2 rounds of shocks, then alternating epinephrine (or vasopressin) with shocks. consider antiarrhythmics if refractory
In contrast, PEA is treated just with epinephrine and vasopressin. evaluate and treat causes.
What are causes of PEA?
Hs and Ts: hypovolemia, hypoxia, hyperkalemia, hypothermia, acidosis (H ions). tamponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis (MI or PE), toxins