seizures, NMJ, peripheral nerve Flashcards
What anti-epileptics inhibit voltage dependent sodium channels?
carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide
What anti-epileptics inhibit neuronal calcium channels?
ethosuximide
What anti-seizure med inhibits Na channels AND enhances GABA activity?
valproate
What anti-seizure med inhibits NMDA receptors and enhances GABA?
topiramate
What medications are used for status epilepticus?
benzos and phenytoin
What meds are used for absence seizures?
ethosuximide and valproic acid
Side effects of phenytoin
gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus/diplopia, ataxia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, fetal hydantoin syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, SLE-like syndrome, LAD, osteopenia, stevens-johnson, induction of P450 system
What are the key side effects of carbamazepine?
diplopia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity, teratogenesis, induction of cytochrome P-450, SIADH, stevens johnson
What are the side effects of valproic acid?
rare but fatal hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs), neural tube defects, tremor, weight gain, contraindicated in pregnancy
What is the side effect of topiramate?
kidney stones, sedation, weight loss
What is first line for myoclonic seizures?
valproate
What causes LEMS?
abs to presynaptic Calcium channels
What is the tx for essential tremor?
BBs or primidone
what is the difference between chorea and athetosis?
chorea: rapid flinching distal limb and facial movements
Athetosis: writhing, snake-like movements
What are causes of chorea?
hyperthyroidism, stroke, huntington, SLE, levodopa, rheumatic fever
