Skin, Nails Flashcards by Lauren F

Hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are_____

Appendages of the skin

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5 Roles of the skin

Protect from infection and trauma
Prevent fluid loss
Regulate temperature
Sensory
Produce Vitamin D

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What equipment is needed for an examination of the skin?

Ruler (cm)-clear and bendy

Light source

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Is it OK for the pt to leave their clothes on for a skin exam?

No- adequate exposure is important.

Armpit, butt, back of thighs, between toes….everywhereeeee needs to be checked

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What 4 things are checked during the “Inspection” part of a skin exam?

Symmetry (is rash bilateral etc)

Color (pigmentation, pallor, cyanosis, jaundice)

Hair (distribution, amount)

Nails (color, lesions, capillary refill)

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What 4 things are checked during the “palpation” part of a skin exam?

Moisture

Temperature-use back of hand

Texture

Mobility&Turgor-do forearm except in old people, use thigh

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What does a generalized/disseminated rash look like?

Lesions appear widely distributed

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What does a regional distribution of a rash look like?

Lesions appear in a specific region of the body

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What is an annular lesion?

A round lesion with active margins and a central clearing

Annular means ring shaped

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What does it mean if a lesion has a zosteriform shape?

It follows a dermatome/Nerve segment

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What does an iris/target shaped lesion consist of?

A pink macule with a purple papule in the middle

Pink flat spot with purple bump

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What does morbilliform mean?

Measles-like. Usually associated with viruses

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What does violaceous mean?

Light purple

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What are the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma? (E could be two things)

Asymmetry
Borders (irregular)
Color- variable 
Diameter- over 6mm
Elevation or Evolving

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What are primary skin lesions?

Arise from previously normal skin

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What is a secondary skin lesion?

Arise from changes in primary lesions, such as scratching an initial lesion until it gets worse/infected

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What is a macule?

Flat
Smaller than 1cm
Any color
Well circumscribed

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What are some examples of macules?

Measles
Freckles
Petechiae

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What is a patch?

Flat spot

BIGGER than 1cm

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What is the difference between a macule and a patch?

A patch is bigger than 1cm

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Mongolian spots, cafe au last spots, port wine stain, vitiligo… these are all examples of what type of lesion/

Patch

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What is a papule?

Palpable
Circumscribed bump
No bigger than 1cm***

Can join together to form plaques

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Warts, nevi and mollusum contagiasum are examples of?

Papules

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What is a plaque?

Elevated, palpable rough lesion that is

Bigger than 1cm**

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Psoriasis and eczema (when it’s elevated) are examples of

Plaques

Difference between papule and plaque?

Plaque is bigger than 1cm

What is a nodule?

A lesion that is deeper and firmer than a papule | Bigger than .5cm***

What is the difference between a papule and a nodule?

A nodule is deeper and firmer than a papule

What is a tumor?

A large nodule that is OVER 2cm** | Sticks deeper into the dermis too

Difference between a nodule and a tumor?

A tumor is deeper and bigger (over 2cm)

What is a wheal?

A transient**, superficial edema | Irregular borders

Mosquito bites and hives are examples of what/

Wheals

What is a vesicle?

Fluid filled, round lesion that is 1cm or smaller**

Herpes simplex, which looks like “dew drops on rose petals” is an example of ?

Vesicles

What is a bulla?

A fluid filled round lesion that is bigger than 1cm*** | BLISTER

What is a hemorrhagic bulla?

A bulla that is filled with blood instead of serous fluid

What is a pustule?

Elevated lesions that are filled with pus**

Acne, impetigo and fire ant bites are examples of?

Pustules

Do erosions bleed or scar?

No, it is loss of superficial epidermis

What is an erosion?

Loss of superficial epidermis with a moist surface, but doesn’t bleed.

What is an ulcer?

Loss of epidermis and dermis

What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer?

An erosion is only the superficial epidermis, it doesn’t bleed and it doesn’t scar. An ulcer involves loss of dermis, so it bleeds and it scars when it heals.

What is a fissure/

A linear crack from the epidermis to the dermis

What is an excoriation?

Abrasion or scratch mark usually from scratching

What is a crust?

Dried residue of serum, pus or blood

What is a scale?

A thin flake of epidermis that has been shed

Dandruff is an example of?

Scales on scalp

What is lichenification?

Skin become thick, rough and leathery due to so much scratching.

What type of skin condition is associated with increasing the visibility of skin markings?

Lichenification

What is atrophy (wrt skin)

Thinning of skin with loss of normal skin markings | Skin is shinier and more translucent

Topical steroid use is associated with what type of skin condition?

Atrophy

What are petechiae?

Small, dark round/purple spots that represent blood outside the vessel. Smaller than .5cm** NON BLANCHABLE**

What are purpura?

Dark red/purple spots that are BIGGER than .5cm** Non blanchable Represent blood outside vessel

Difference between purpura and petechiae?

Purpura are bigger than .5cm

What is ecchymosis?

Purple lesions that represent blood outside of vessels due to trauma or bleeding disorder. Fade to green/yellow

How would you tell the difference between spider angioma and a petechiae?

Push on it. Spider angiomas do blanch.

How big are spider angiomas?

Up to 2cm

What are cherry angiomas?

Small bright red papules on the trunk, associated with aging

How big are cherry angiomas?

1-3mm

Do cherry angiomas blanch?

Do telangiectasias blanch?

Yes

What are telangiectasias associated with?

BCC

What are hemangiomas?

Big red bump secondary to dilation of dermal capillaries. | Similar to cherry angiomas, but much bigger and usually seen in children.

What is a papulosqaumous lesion?

One that has: Papules Plaques Scales

What rash is associated with the 5 P’s?

Lichen Planus ``` Pruritic Polygonal Planar Purple Papules ```

Are nodular lesions benign or malignant?

Can be both Nevi, cherry angiomas, SCC, BCC

What is a vesiculobullous lesions

Has vesicles and bullae together Herpes, impetigo, pemphigus

What is pemphigus?

An autoimmune disease that has vesicles and bullae that rupture and the skin sloughs off. Can be fatal

What is clubbing a sign of?

Chronic hypoxia Congenital heart disease Lung cancer

What are Beau’s lines?

Linear depressions in the nail due to trauma (or acute illness?) the lines grow out with the nail**

Are Beau’s lines permanent?

No they grow out with the nail

What is paronychia?

Inflammation of the nail folds (cuticle area) often due to frequent immersion in water

What is onychocrypotosis?

INGROWN TOENAIL

What are Terry’s nails?

White nails with a reddish brown stripe due to aging, diabetes, cirrhosis, heart failure

What is leukonychia?

White spots on nails due to trauma or repeated manicuring

What is koilonychia?

Spoon nail, possible iron deficiency anemia

What is onycholysis?

Painless separation of the nail and the nail bed

What can cause nail pitting?

Autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, alopecia areata

Skin, Nails Flashcards

(78 cards)